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المبحث الثاني: صدِ برگ

المبحث الثاني: صدِ برگ

 (صدِ برگ) ھذہ المجموعۃ الشعریۃ الثانیۃ لبروین شاکر والتي جاء ت إلی الساحۃ الأدبیۃ في (1980م )بعد انقطاع مدۃ ثلاث سنوات، ولکن الشعراء والأدباء لم یعطوا لھذہ المجموعۃ منزلۃ عالیۃ کالخوشبو، إنما اعتبروھا أقل خیال وأدنی مرتبۃ من خوشبو وبعض الناقدین قاموا بنقدھا. تقول بروین عن مجموعتھا ھذہ:

 ’’لقد تغیر المنظر عندما ألفتُ صد برگ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ منظر حیاتی وحیاۃ ھذہ الأرض التي کان وجودي بوجودھا۔۔۔۔‘‘[1]. وفعلاً ھذہ المجموعۃ الشعریۃ قیمتھا أقل من المجموعۃ الشعریۃ السابقۃ (خوشبو) ولکن بعض الأدباء شجعوھا ورفعوا من معنویاتھا وقالوا عن صدِ برگ أنھا تطور وإبداع اکثر في أفکار الشاعرۃ ویتضح فیھا جمال کلماتھا الھادئة۔ وتقول قرۃ العین طاھرۃ ’’أن في خوشبو سُمع صوت الفتاۃ أکثر من صوت المرأۃ، ولکن في صدِ برگ حصلت الموازنۃ بین المجموعتین وقد أکتمل الناقص، ولم يکن في ھذہ المجموعۃ التعبیر عن الأحلام فقط، إنما کانت صورۃ صادقۃ عن الحیاۃ‘‘[2]۔

 یتضح من ذلک أن عمل بروین تطور نحو الأحسن والأفضل تدریجیاً، وأن مجموعۃ (صدِ برگ) تعطي صورۃ واضحۃ عن شخصیۃ الشاعرۃ، وأختارت کلمات بلیغۃ وتراکیب شاملۃ عن الحیاۃ وفلسفۃ المصاعب والمشاکل الیومیۃ۔ وتقول الدکتورۃ سلطانۃ بخش أن بروین شاکر ’’ظھرت فی مجموعتھا صدِ برگ علی شکل شاعرۃ ولا حول لھا ولا قوۃ ونسقت احساساتھا من دنیا الأحلام إلی الدنیا الحقیقیۃ وإلی مشاعر الوجدان مع ربط ھذہ الإحساسات بالقلب، وتنظر الحیاۃ علی حقیقتھا بأعین واعیۃ، وتخرج من عالم الکوابیس والأحلام إلی دنیا الواقع الحقیقي‘‘[3]۔

 یتضح من ذلك أن عملھا ھذا کان صورۃ واضحۃ عن رُقیھا وتقدمھا من الناحیۃ الأدبیۃ وأعطت صورۃ شاملۃ عن نظرۃ الحیاۃ وأصولھا وأھم قوانینھا۔



[1] بروین شاکر، صدِ برگ۔

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COMPARISON OF REGIONAL MANUAL THERAPY AND STANDARD PHYSICAL THERAPY INTERVENTION IN FEMALES WITH SACROILIAC JOINT PAIN

Background and Aim: Sacroiliac joint pain is localized in the region of sacroiliac joint which can be increased by stress and provocation tests of the joint. Aim of this study was to compare two interventions for reduction of sacroiliac joint pain. Methodology: Study design was randomized clinical trial. Study was conducted in bajwah hospital and children polyclinic Lahore. Duration of study was six months. The total sample size was 64 patients. Females of 20-50 years old with diagnosed sacroiliac joint pain were included in this study. Compression and distraction objective tests were performed for further confirmation of sacroiliac joint pain.  Purposive sampling technique was used. Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and Oswestry low back disability questionnaire (ODI) were used to collect the data. Exclusion criteria was females with fractures and other abnormalities of spine. Results: Results showed that both groups were equal when assessed on baseline by normality test colmogorov-smirnova. Independent t test was applied to compare the mean value of NPRS. Pretreatment mean of NPRS scale for both the regional treatment and standard treatment groups was 7.After 4 weeks NPRS of regional treatment group was 4 and of standard treatment group was 7. The mean value of pretreatment ODI for regional treatment group was 33 and for standard treatment group was 34.After 4 weeks ODI of regional treatment group was 24 and mean of standard treatment group was 27. Conclusion: It is concluded that after giving equal sessions to both groups when results were assessed regional treatment is more effective than standard treatment.

Religious Symbols and Quest for Truth in Modern American Literature.

The bulk of world literature comprises stories of tangible and symbolic quests and American literature is no exception to this general rule. The quest narrative dominates the American literary landscape and, on the surface, is founded on its history as a nation of immigrants seeking, above all, religious freedom. It would have been facile to state that this quest is for the American Dream, and it would have been just as easy to define this modern Dream as social equality and economic opportunity, or vice versa. After all, a prime purpose of the Mayflower project was to become free of medieval Europe’s pomp and show, most importantly in religious practices. However, the ubiquity of ancient symbols in the American quest narrative intrigued me. These symbols indicated hidden meanings that went beyond materialistic realization of America’s constitutional ideals. Exploration of the deeper meanings of quest narratives in modern America required plumbing symbolic depths. The vortex motif helped to go far beneath the surface meaning of the symbols encountered. This quest was both a vertical plunge and a horizontal journey towards a specific goal. Fascinatingly, the quest in the texts analyzed almost invariably ended at a destination that turned out to be its starting point. The hermeneutic cycle helped to explain the circularity of the quest. This study, therefore, set out to explore the nature of the American quest, to sift through the symbols dotting the literary terrain, to encounter a key symbol, to explore its religious content, and to fathom the significance of this symbol in modern American literature. A brief survey of modern American literature proved the presence of quest stories in almost all genres, from science fiction to the American literary canon. In many American narratives, obsession with apocalypse also combined well with the quest theme to make for great story telling. Importantly, they easily reincarnate as cinematic script. Apocalypse has riveted American attention after 9/11 but it also prevailed during the 20th century and earlier American literature produced along modern lines. Quests to survive and flourish invite inclusion of marginal voices, presenting equality of opportunity for blacks, women, the old and otherwise infirm, so essential to American narratives. The quest aspires to assume metaphysical properties. Its goal is an elusive symbol. Powerful symbols contain coded messages dating from ancient religions. In modern narratives they shed their religiosity. However, cult following reestablishes the symbol’s spiritual status. They embody eternal Truth. The Holy Grail exemplifies such powerful symbols. The grail icon is so prevalent in American society that most of its canonical writers are compelled to weave tales around the grail. This study suggests that American society has Americanized the grail, and to understand the United States one must also grasp the manifold meanings of its Holy Grail – there being no better place to start than traverse the modern American literary landscape.
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