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مولانا مفتی حافظ محمد رضا انصاری فرنگی محلی

مولانا مفتی حافظ محمد رضا انصاری فرنگی محلی
افسوس ہے کہ مولانا مفتی محمد رضا انصاری فرنگی محلی کا ۵ فروری کو لکھنؤ میں انتقال ہوگیا، عمر تقریباً ۷۰ برس کی تھی، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
خانوادہ فرنگی محل گذشتہ تین سو برس سے ہندوستان میں علم و عمل کی شمع روشن کیے ہوئے ہے، اس خاندان میں علم کی دولت جس طرح محفوظ رہی اور نسلاً بعد نسل اس میں جس قدر اضافہ ہوتا گیا، ہندوستان میں چند خاندانوں کے علاوہ اس کی کوئی مثال نہیں ملتی، ملا قطب الدین شہید ان کے فرزند استاذ الہند ملا نظام الدین محمد بانی درس نظامیہ کے بعد ملا حیدر، ملا مبین، ملا حسن، مولانا عبدالعلی بحرالعلوم، مولانا عبدالحئی اور مولانا عبدالباری اسی خاندان کے سلسلہ الذہب کی روشن مثالیں ہیں، بقول علامہ شبلیؒ لکھنؤ کا فرنگی محل، علم و فن کا معدن بن گیا، آج جہاں علوم عربیہ کا نام و نشان باقی ہے، اسی خاندان کا پرتو فیض ہے، ہندوستان کے کسی گوشہ میں جو شخص تحصیل علم کا احرام باندھتا ہے اس کا رخ فرنگی محل کی طرف ہوتا ہے۔
ہمارے عہد میں مفتی محمد رضا انصاری مرحوم اپنے اسی نامور خاندان کی علمی و تہذیبی روایتوں کے وارث تھے، ان کے والد مولوی محمد سخاوت اﷲ، مدرسہ عالیہ نظامیہ میں ریاضی کے استاد تھے، بعد میں وہ حیدر آباد دکن میں محکمہ امور عامہ میں ملازم ہوئے،، ان کی عدم موجودگی میں مفتی صاحب مرحوم کی تعلیم و تربیت ان کے رشتہ کے چچا مفتی محمد عبدالقادرؒ کی زیر نگرانی ہوئی جو علم و عمل میں اپنے اسلاف کرام کا نمونہ تھے اور جن سے شاہ معین الدین ندوی مرحوم نے بھی مختصر المعانی کا درس لیا تھا۔
مفتی صاحب مرحوم کی بسم اﷲ مولانا عبدالباری فرنگی محلیؒ نے کرائی تھے، خاندانی روایت کے...

Jugni, Dhola and Mahiya: Comparing

Among the amazing variety of forms of poetic expression by the folk of the Punjab region, this essay has selected three genres: mahiya, dhola and jugni. The study is meant to compare these three genres of Punjabi folklore, in their evolution, structure, expression and themes. The study finds that the three genres are very old in time origin and tracing their exact origins in history is impossible, only few hints are available. Their structures are variable, as mahiya has a fixed structure, dhola has rather loose structure giving more freedom to the singer-poet, and jugni has a specific meter in certain lines, but it has freedom to repeat some lines for perfect expression of the melody. The structures in fact follow the tunes, distinct for each genre. Three genres have many themes common, but jugni has spirituality as dominant theme, dhola has expression of love as dominant them and mahiya has now become quite inclusive, but it originated as expression of love and it still retains that character in its core. The folk heart of Punjab has endeared these three genres so much that these are appreciated far and wide in original tunes, but new experiments of tunes and themes are also underway. Being a true mirror of simple unsophisticated villagers these folk songs would lose popularity if these villagers become sophisticated hence the need for their preservation is highlighted in this study.

Gene Pyramiding for Quality Enhancement and Resistance to Bacterial Blight in Rice

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important cereal crop but its yield is stagnant in Pakistan for the last several years. A number of strategies have been proposed to overcome yield stagnation of rice. One such strategy is to develop rice cultivars with an ideal plant phenotype, possessing long heavy panicles, good photosynthetic proficiency and strong culms that are resistant to lodging. Using a similar approach several advance lines of rice has been developed by Dr. Fida Muhammad Abbasi at Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan by modifying the plant architecture of JP-5 and Basmati-385. These advance lines needs to be properly evaluated for their yield and yield attributing traits and molecular characterization for resistance to bacterial blight, presence of aroma and resistance characterization to local races of bacterial blight. Therefore in the present study 30 well performing homozygous advance lines and 6 cultivated varieties were subjected to the process of evaluation on the basis of morphological traits, physical grain quality, molecular analysis for the presence of aroma and bacterial blight (BB). In addition to the above mentioned experiments, a parallel experiment was design in order to pyramid four broad spectrum BB resistance genes (Xa4, xa5, xa13 and Xa21) in the background of Basmati-385. For this purpose Basmati-385 which is an indica variety and possess better grain quality but is susceptible to bacterial blight was crossed with IRBB59 which possess BB resistance genes xa5, xa13 and Xa21. A total 19 hybrid seeds (F0) were obtained and were grown in sterile petri plates. A large number of F2 plants were grown but only the progeny of 30 selected plants were advanced up to F5 generation. Marker assisted selection (MAS) as well as phenotypic selections were carried out in each successive generation. In the F5 generation two lines i.e., line-6 and line-14 were identified pyramided with all the four BB resistance genes. Our results demonstrate that the pyramided lines displayed a high level of resistance to all the three local isolates of Xoo used in this study. In the present study advance lines developed by Hazara University, along with cultivated check varieties of rice were evaluated on the basis of 29 quantitative traits. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant variation among the advance lines and cultivated varieties of rice for all these traits. Moderate to high coefficient of variation (CV %), was noticed in all the measured traits with the exception of 1000 grains weight. Cluster analysis was performed to know the extent of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship among the genotypes. The data was subjected to the process of standardization prior to analysis. On the basis of quantitative traits, advance lines and cultivated varieties were allocated into three main groups (A, B and C) at a Euclidean distance of approximately 12 in the phylogenetic tree. The cluster A comprised of 10 genotypes including all the cultivated varieties except JP-5. The members of cluster A comprise mainly of genotypes that have relatively low yield and week plant morphology. Cluster B consist of 13 genotypes. These genotypes are high yielding and possess better plant morphology. Cluster C comprised of 11 genotypes including cultivated variety JP-5. Genotypes in this cluster have relatively high plant height and moderate yield as compared to genotypes in the other two clusters. The dendogram analysis thus showed that significant diversity exist among the genotypes that can be exploited for further improvement of these genotypes.
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