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سید قطب

سید قطب
اخوان المسلمین کے مشہور رہنما سید قطب اور ان کے تین ساتھیوں کو ناصر کے خلاف سازش کے جرم میں پھانسی دے دی گئی اور دوسرے لیڈروں کو مختلف المیعاد قید کی سزائیں دی گئیں ہیں جن میں بعض عورتیں بھی ہیں، یہ کوئی خلاف توقع خبر نہیں، ناصر مختلف حیلوں سے اخوان کو ختم کردینے پر تل گئے ہیں، حجاز میں ان پر ناصر کے وحشیانہ مظالم کے جو واقعات معلوم ہوئے تھے، ان کو سن کر الجزائر کے مسلمانوں پر فرانس کے مظالم کی یاد تازہ ہوگئی تھی، یہ وہ دینی شخصیتیں تھیں، جن کے بارے میں کسی سازش کا تصور بھی نہیں کیا جاسکتا لیکن اعلا کلمۃ اﷲ کی تاریخ نیا واقعہ نہیں ہے، بہت سے اصحاب دعوت و عزیمت کو اس راہ سے گزرنا پڑا ہے، گویہ واقعہ ساری دنیائے اسلام کے لیے المناک ہے، لیکن سید قطب اور ان کے رفقا، شہید فی سبیل اﷲ کے درجہ عالی پر سرفراز ہوئے اور دعوت و عزیمت کی تاریخ میں ان کا نام ہمیشہ کے لیے روشن ہوگیا، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان شہدائے حق پر اپنی رحمت کے پھول برسائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، ستمبر ۱۹۶۶ء)

 

Religiosity for Promotion of Behavior: Role of Islamic Worships in Moral Development of Muslim Youth

The question of moral rectitude and upbringing of youth in the current social arena is the contemporary discovery attributed to social and family norms that also undergo change due to social and economic reasons. Consequently, deferring levels of piety become more or less acceptable according to an individual’s surroundings and age. The study was done to determine the association between religiosity and behaviors likely to improve the moral, social and psychological habits of young Muslims. The discussion of the article contextualizes the effects of observing practices of Islam on a larger scale. A sample study of this research can be used as evidence to counter the contemporary environment which inevitably generates contradictions for young people. The contradictions result in uncertainty and materialistic atmosphere which does not cater to their spiritual needs and the requirements to develop as the youth of Ummah. Yet, we cannot stop or avoid the negative channels and their effects prevailing on the internet. We can; however, extend the positive spiritual energy in youth that is only possible through careful observance of religious practices comprising regular prayers, fasting, charity and pilgrimage (Hajj). The current apathy of our youth towards the religious injunctions may be attributed to social and family norms that are in some cases relative to the economic conditions and social backup. This will evaluate and assess the way and means of effective inlaying of moral fields where our young people can improve their moral aptitude and rectitude. The impasse of current moral turpitude can be shattered with the bounding relation of human activity and Islamic ritual.

Regional Scale Sediment Yield Modeling Using Gis and Remote Sensing

A grid based Regional Scale Sediment Yield Model RSSYM was setup different catchments of Indus basin using coarse resolution grid data. When coarse grid data is used, the land slope decreases and sediment delivery is reduced. In this study the slope averaging effect was minimized by using the fractal analysis approach. The fractal constant (α) and fractal dimension (D) equations were correlated with the standard deviation on elevation by Zhang et al. (2000). These equations for fractal constant and fractal dimension were developed using Digital Elevation Model of 1 km2 resolution (DEM) for local topography. The slope was computed for 250 m and 50 m downscaling from 1 km2 grid. A comparison was made between fractal constant equation and fractal dimension to scale down the slope parameter. Both equations were incorporated in RSSYM. The model was applied to Phulra catchment. The results showed that fractal dimension equation gives better results as compared to fractal constant. So the fractal dimension equation was incorporated in RSSYM. The RSSYM was applied on three catchments of Indus basin namely Soan, Gariala and Phulra. For Phulra catchment of Siran river the total observed sediment was 0.304 million tons whereas the simulated sediment was 0.291 million tons. The coefficient of efficiency (COE) was 0.85 and the coefficient of determination was 0.83 which shows that there is a good correlation between the observed and simulated values. In Gariala catchment the observed sediment was 6.01 million tons whereas simulated sediment was 6.80 million tons. The coefficient of efficiency for Gariala catchment was 0.91 and the coefficient of determination observed and simulated hydrograph was 0.81. Similarly for the Soan catchment the observed sediment was 10.61 million tons and simulated sediment was 12.29 million tons. The coefficient of determination and coefficient of efficiency for this catchment was 0.95 and 0.98 respectively. The snowmelt runoff model SRM was applied to Astor catchment to test the applicability of temperature index approach for Indus basin. The terrain is difficult to measure the hydrological and hydraulics data. Most of the data was available at the outlet of the catchments. The input data included daily temperature and precipitation, dividing the catchment in to different zone depending on the elevation difference. The elevation zones were generated from the DEM of the area. The snow depletion curves were made for the snow covered area derived from the satellite data analysis on monthly basis. The model output was discharge hydrograph. The COE was 0.91 which shows that there is a good correlation between the observed and simulated values. The statistical test showed that model performance was good. The results of SRM model encouraged to use temperature index approach for snowmelt runoff estimation in the Indus basin. A snowmelt runoff model was developed using temperature index approach. The model was coupled with regional scale sediment yield model RSSYM. The coupled model was named as modified regional scale sediment yield model (MRSSYM). The MRSSYM model was applied to Astor and Gilgit catchments. For the Astor catchment total observed sediment load was 3.98 million tons whereas the simulated sediment load was 4.34 million tons. The coefficient of the model was 0.89 whereas the coefficient of determination was 0.83. Similarly for Gilgit catchment the measured and simulated sediment loads were 4.50 and 4.48 million tons respectively. The coefficient of efficiency and coefficient of determinations were 0.95 and 0.88 respectively. From the results it can be concluded that MRSSYM can be applied with confidence to various catchments of Indus basin where runoff is due to snowfall and snow melting.
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