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١۔بندھن کا بوجھ

بندھن کا بوجھ

ثمینہ سید(لاہور.پاکستان)

"اس سے پہلے کہ آپ ہمیں کہیں سیر کےلیے لے جاتے,یا ہمارے ساتھ باہر کی دنیا میں سانس لیتے.کچھ یادگار وقت بتاتے.یہ دن آگئے.اور اب........آپ بھی اس قید کے ہاتھوں بے بس ہیں.بہت شوق تھا اکیلے صبح سے شام بلکہ رات گئے تک مٹرگشتی کا. اب کیجئے جناب."

شفق نے مسکراتے ہوئے گہرا طنز کیا.تو حبیب احمد اسے گھور کررہ گئے.جزبز ہوتے اٹھے اور غصے سے بولے

"بچوں کے سامنے میری بےعزتی کرنے سے فرصت ملے تو ایک کپ چائے لاؤنج میں پہنچا دینا..اور ہاں ملازمہ کے ہاتھ بھیجنا."

"جی اچھا" شفق نے شانے اچکائے.ان رویوں نے اسے بھی لاپرواہ بنا دیا تھا.وہ اس خوش فہمی سے نکل آئی تھی کہ بیوی نہ چاہتے ہوئے بھی" ملازمہ "بنی رہے تو دل میں جگہ بنا ہی لے گی..کچھ دیر بیٹھی رہی بچوں کی کھلی کتابوں میں دلچسپی کی کوئی چیز ,کچھ نیا ڈھونڈنے کی کوشش کرتی رہی.کیونکہ پچھلے ایک سال سے یہی سب کچھ ہورہا تھا.وبا کے ہاتھوں قیدوبند کی صعوبتیں,آن لائن کلاسز,کھانے پکانے,ایکدوسرے کی ہی شکلیں دیکھنا, بےوقت چائے اور  طنزیہ بک بک.

کبھی کبھار سکول والوں کے پرزور اصرار پر شفق اور حبیب احمد کو سلیقے سے تیار ہوکر کمپیوٹر کے آگے بھی بیٹھنا پڑتا.والدین کی حیثیت سے بہت سی چیزیں سمجھنا پڑتیں اور کئی طرح کے سوالوں کے جواب دینا پڑتے. وہ خود بہت ذہین فطین طالبہ تھی.ہمیشہ پہلی پوزیشن پہ اسی کی اجارہ داری رہتی تھی .یونیورسٹی میں بھی گولڈ میڈل سے نوازا گیا تھا.اس کی بڑی وجہ یہ تھی کہ اسکے ابا اس کی پسند اور دل چسپی کو ترجیح دیتے تھے . اسی کی منتخب کردہ سمت میں اسے چلنے دیا جاتا تھا .ناصرف اس کا ساتھ دیتے پیسہ...

Impact of Interest Loan, Growth of Regional Gross Domestic Product, Inflation and Economic Growth on Loans at Credit Union in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

 Loans or credits offered by Kopdit credit unions are a potential source of funds that need to be developed, to help accelerate the home industry and the micro and small economies. Therefore, we want to see the impact of several conditions such as the loan interest rate, GDP per capita growth, inflation rate and economic growth. Quite a number of studies have looked at the impact of interest rates, GDP growth, inflation rates and economic growth on loans or credits to banks or banking institutions. We do not look at credit or loans from banks, but on Kopdit credit unions (CU). The results of our research show that simultaneously the loan interest rate, GDP growth, inflation rate and economic growth have a strong enough influence on loans at Credit Union Credit Unions, namely 79.2454%. Partially the variable of loan interest rate, GDP growth per capita, inflation rate affects outstanding loans, while economic growth partially has no effect on outstanding loans.

Resource Allocation in 5G Multi-Tier Networks

The evolving fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks are intended to overcome the basic challenges of current cellular networks, e.g., higher data-rates, lower latency, network capacity and energy-efficiency (EE). To meet these challenges, 5G networks need to adopt a multi-tier architecture containing different network tiers e.g., macrocells, different types of licensed small cells and device-to-device (D2D) communication to serve their intended users with different quality of service (QoS) demands in an energy-efficient and spectrum-efficient way. The coexistence of different network tiers can be more beneficial if they share the same resources. But, the coexistence of these tiers and sharing the same resources among them may result in severe interference which may degrade the performance of 5G networks. Therefore, a well capable centralized mechanism is required which can efficiently allocate resources to different network tiers in order to achieve the envisioned goals of 5G. To this end, cloud radio access networks (C-RANs) have been presented as effective solutions which can provide high EE, improved network capacity, high network sum-rate, high spectral efficiency and reduced operating expenditures. Therefore, we have combined the potentials of multi-tier architecture and C-RAN and have presented different resource allocation (RA) techniques. xi decomposed into three sub problems namely, sub-channel assignment problem, power allocation problem and RRH-association problem. A three step iterative technique is presented to solve these sub problems in an iterative manner such that sub-channel assignment and power allocation are carried out for the fixed RRH-association in the first and second steps, respectively while in the third step, RRH-association is performed. In addition, two heuristics algorithms for sub-channel assignment namely, individual sub-channel assignment (ISA) and sub-channels block assignment (SBA) algorithms are proposed. Finally, D2D communication enabled SC-FDMA based multi-tier C-RAN is considered and a joint mode selection, sub-channel assignment, power allocation and RRH-association (JMSPR) problem is formulated for EE maximization. The formulated joint optimization problem is MINLP and therefore, it is solved in two stages; mode selection stage and joint SAPARA stage. To solve the mode selection problem, a two-step iterative mode selection algorithm is presented which first identify the potential D2D communication pairs by defining the proximity of the transmitters and then enable D2D communication between the proximate users based on link quality. While, for joint SAPARA, a three-step iterative technique is presented. The performances of the above mentioned proposed techniques are evaluated via exhaustive simulations. It is shown that these techniques significantly enhance the performance of the corresponding multi-tier networks.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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