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64. Al-Taghabun/Mutual Neglect

64. Al-Taghabun/Mutual Neglect

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

64:01
a. Whatever is within the celestial realm the terrestrial world is Glorifying Allah – The One and Only God.
b. For HIM is The Sovereignty, and for HIM is The Praise and Gratitude.
c. And HE Manifests Sovereignty over all existence.

64:02
a. It is HE WHO created you as human species starting from Adam and Eve,
b. then, among you, some would be a disbeliever and among you some would be a believer.
c. And Allah Watches over whatever you do: good and evil.

64:03
a. HE created the celestial realm the terrestrial world with truth: meaningfully and for a
definite purpose,
b. and gave you shape and shaped you well,
c. and made the human form to be the best of forms.
d. And to HIM is going to be your return: starting with death and then upon the resurrection.

64:04
a. HE Knows whatever is within the celestial realm and the terrestrial world,
b. and HE knows whatever you hide of your motives and deeds as well as whatever you disclose of them.
c. And Allah is All-Aware of whatever is within the hearts.

64:05
a. Has not the account of those come to you who disbelieved before you in the Missions and the Messages of their Messengers?
b. So they tasted the evil consequences of what they did, and for them was a painful punishment.

64:06
a. That was so because their Messengers came to them with Clear Messages, but they would
mockingly say:
b. What!
c....

Density and Diversity of Rotifers from Shore of a Flood Plain, Balloki Head Works Density & Diversity of Rotifers in Balloki Head Works

The present research work is an investigation of Rotifers from flood plains of Balloki Head Works using diversity indices. Objective: To study the density and diversity of rotifers of flood plain. Methods: collection of rotifers was done from the shore of flood plains from September to July. In total, 15 different species were identified. Rotifers were extracted from soil sample by a customized Baermann Funnel method. A moderate diversity of rotifers was explored by Shannon – Weaver. Simpson index of dominance supported this result. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there was no significant difference in population density of rotifers among months as the p-value was greater than 5% (α= 0.05). Population density of rotifers was negatively correlated with water temperature and pH whereas a positive correlation was observed with electrical conductivityResults: Overall a moderate diversity was observed. Rotifer density and distribution was under the influence of physico-chemical parameters.

Physiological Basis of Heat Stress Tolerance in Mungbean Vigna Radiata Germplasm

This study focused on the high temperature tolerance of mungbean varieties using plexiglass canopy to increase the prevailing high temperature. The plant measurements were made for heat induced changes growth, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange, osmolytes accumulation, oxidative stress and antioxidative response, shoot, root and seed nutrient and yield attributes at different growth stages. Data revealed that heat tolerance in mungbean was variable at three prime foliation and flowering stages. The varieties exhibiting prolific root system and leaf area (e.g., NM-2011 and NM-2006) were more tolerance to heat stress. Heat stress caused the loss of chlorophyll and inhibition of the leaf gas exchange. The tolerant varieties incurred a minimum loss of photosynthetic pigments; more importantly increased carotenoids contents were closely associated to heat tolerance. Among the studied osmolytes, the accumulation of soluble sugars and GB at flowering stage contribute greatly to heat tolerance in the studied varieties. Due to high temperature, the production of hydrogen peroxide (as reactive oxygen species) and malondialdehyde was seen, but the tolerant varieties produced minimum amounts of these oxidative stress metabolites, while the accumulation of phenolics, anthocyanin, and ascorbic acid were able to possibly protect the membrane especially in the tolerant varieties. The success of the tolerant varieties in displaying greater pod growth and seed yield characters appeared to be due maintenance of greater nutrient contents both in the shoot and root tissues especially under excessive high temperature stress. In conclusion, mungbean showed a large genetic variability for tolerance to heat stress at flowering and maturity stages. This implied that the varieties with a tendency to maintain greater nutrient contents was better able to withstand heat stress conditions. Among the studied attributes, the heat stress induced oxidative stress appeared to be a main reason for mungbean susceptibility to high temperature. Future studies will further our understanding on heat tolerance mechanisms and mungbean improvement programs for better growth in warmer areas.
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