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تاریخ ادبیات سیالکوٹ ایک معتبر حوالہ

          ۲۰۰۹ء میں جب میں نے سرگودھا یونیورسٹی میں ایم۔ فل اُردو میں داخلہ لیا تو اُسی وقت سے ہی سیالکوٹ کے شعر و ادب کی تاریخ لکھنے کا خیال میرے ذہن میں تھا اور یوں بھی زمانہ طالب علمی سے جب میں مرے کالج سیالکوٹ میں بی۔اے کا طالب علم تھا تو میری دلچسپی سیالکوٹ اور اس کے گردو نواح میں تخلیق پانے والے شعر و ادب اور اس علاقے کی تاریخی ،سیاسی ، سماجی و تہذیبی اور جغرافیائی اہمیت سے تھی۔ میں نے جس ماحول میں آنکھ کھولی وہ خطۂ سیالکوٹ کا روایتی ماحول تھا۔ یہ خیال آتا تھا کہ قدیم ترین خطۂ سیالکوٹ میں وقت کے ساتھ ساتھ جو تبدیلیاں رونما ہوئیں اور خاص طور پر جنھوں نے اس علاقے کے شعر و ادب کو متاثر کیا۔ اس کے بارے میں تحقیق ہونی چاہیے۔ اس سلسلے میں سب سے پہلے میں نے ۲۰۱۰ء میں سرگودھا یونیورسٹی میں ایم۔فل اُردو کے لیے تحقیقی مقالے ’’سیالکوٹ میں اُردو شاعری کا ارتقا ۱۹۴۷ء تا ۲۰۰۹ء ‘‘ کا انتخاب کیا۔ اس تحقیقی و تنقیدی مقالے میں شعرائے سیالکوٹ کے سوانحی حالات اور ان کی شاعری کا تحقیقی و تنقیدی جائزہ لیا گیا ہے۔ اس مقالے میں تشنگی رہہ گئی تھی کیوں کہ اس میں شاعری کی مکمل ادبی تاریخ کا بھی صحیح معنوں میں تحقیقی و تنقیدی جائزہ نہیں لیا گیا تھا۔ ضرورت اس امر کی تھی کہ سیالکوٹ کے شعری ادب کے ساتھ ساتھ نثری ادب کا بھی مکمل طورپر تحقیقی و تنقیدی جائزہ لیا جائے ۔اس عظیم کام کو سر انجام دینے کے لیے تحقیق کار نے ۲۰۱۲ء میں یونیورسٹی آف سرگودھا میں پی۔ایچ ڈی اردو میں داخلہ لیا۔ ۲۰۱۴ء میں یونیورسٹی نے ’’سیالکوٹ میں نقدو ادب کی روایت‘‘ عنوان کے تحت ریسرچ پروپوزل پی ایچ ڈی اُردو مقالے کے لیے منظور...

انسانی زندگی میں جنات کے اثرات

Among different creations of Allāh, Jinnāt have their own independent existence. By essence, they neither belong to the human race nor to the angelic world. One commonality between Jinnāt and human beings is that they both are provided with consciousness and can practice their own free-will in terms of choosing what is right and what is wrong, while angles are deprived of this ability. Jinnāt are mentioned in numerous places in the Qur’ān and the Aḥādīth of the Prophet SAW, so much so that it would be unreasonable to deny their existence. Henceforth, the scholars from every period of time have acknowledged their existence and it wouldn’t be wrong to claim that they all share almost similar views on them. Likewise, every Muslim group acknowledged their existence with the exception of Jahmīyah and Mu‘tazilah. As far as Jews and Christians are concerned, they too like Muslims believe in the existence of Jinnāt. To summarize, it is proven by means of multiplicity (Tawātur) of report from all the Prophets and Messengers and therefore, every follower of the heavenly religion has some sort of belief in the existence of Jinnāt. As far as their influence on the human beings is concerned, there are three major views prevailing among Muslims.  There are those who completely deny their existence and therefore, do not in anyway acknowledge their influence on human life. Then there are those who do believe in their existence but are of the opinion that they remain aloof from human beings and therefore, have no influence on the human life. The third opinion which is the opinion of the majority of the scholars is that not only Jinnāt exist but they have the power to influence and affect human beings as well. In this treatise, the opinion of the proponents of the third view is analyzed and their evidences from Qur’ān and Sunnah are discussed.

Mediating Effect of Organizational Commitment on the Relationship Between Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

OJ is the justice perception of employees regarding the fairness in procedures which are defined by the organization and the fairness in distribution of organizational resources like promotion and payments. Studies have shown that employees who will perceive the fairness in justice system of the organization will be more committed compared to others and their commitment in response develops citizenship behaviors amongst them. This study in hand was conducted to specify the impact of OJ on OCB in different industry and culture i.e. educational sector of KPK working under Workers Welfare Board (WWB) Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Moreover, the study also has taken employees commitment as the mediator on the relationship between OJ and OCB. The hypothesized relationship of these variables was measured with three different adapted questionnaires. Data was collected by distributing 300 questionnaires to the respondents who were selected on convenience sampling technique. After collection of data it was entered into SPSS and reliability, validity tests of the tool were conducted. On successful completion of these tests, correlation and regression were run on the data so that the effect and relation of variables can be analyzed. The outcome was consistent with previous research and revealed the fact that the relationship among independent (OJ) and dependent (OCB) variable was significant and this relationship was partially mediated by the mediator (OC) taken in the study. The study has significant outcomes and the management of WWB could utilize the findings of this study in order to bring more transparency in their procedures and distribution channels of organizational resources in order to build more committed workforce rather than a crowd of employees.
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