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محمد مسلم

محمد مسلم
اگست ۱۹۸۶؁ء کے شروع میں جناب محمد مسلم صاحب سابق ایڈیٹر روزنامہ ’’دعوت‘‘ دہلی کی وفات بھی ان کے جاننے والوں کے لیے ایک المناک سانحہ ہے، ان سے تقریباً پون صدی تک برابر ملتا رہا، ہر ملاقات میں ان کی شرافت اخلاق سے متاثر ہوا، ان کا نسبی تعلق سالار مسعود غازی سے تھا، ان کا خاندان دہلی میں آکر آباد ہوا، ۱۸۵۷؁ء میں ان کے خاندان والے انگریزوں کی نظروں میں معتوب ہوئے، تو وہ بھوپال منتقل ہوگئے، وہیں محمد مسلم صاحب کی پیدائش ہوئی، نوجوانی میں اپنے اسلامی جذبہ کی بنا پر خاکسار تحریک سے متاثر ہوئے، پھر جماعت اسلامی میں شریک ہوگئے، اس حلقہ میں اپنی سوجھ بوجھ کی وجہ سے بڑے قابل قدر سمجھے جانے لگے، جب روزنامۂ دعوت کے ایڈیٹر ہوئے تو صحافت نگاری میں اپنی اصابت رائے کی وجہ سے بڑی شہرت حاصل کی، بیرونی ممالک کے سفر پر بھی گئے، اور جب ڈاکٹر سید محمود سابق مملکت امور خارجہ حکومت ہند نے مجلس مشاورت قائم کی تو ان کو جناب محمد مسلم کی سیاسی بصیرت پر بڑا اعتماد رہا، انھوں نے بھی اس میں اپنی مخلصانہ سیاسی سرگرمیوں سے یہ ثابت کر دکھایا کہ وہ سچے مسلمان بھی ہیں اور سچے محب وطن بھی، اس کی تفریق کرنے کی ضرورت نہیں کہ وہ پہلے کیا ہیں؟ مسلمان یا ہندوستانی، یا ہندوستانی پہلے اور مسلمان بعد میں، سچا مسلمان ہی سچا محب وطن ہوسکتا ہے، ایک طویل علالت کے بعد دہلی میں وفات پائی، انھوں نے جو پاک دل، پاک باطن اور پاک نفس پایا تھا، ان کی بدولت امید ہے کہ وہ مغفرت الٰہی سے ضرور نوازے جائیں گے، آمین۔ (صباح الدین عبدالرحمن، ستمبر ۱۹۸۶ء)

عالمی مذاہب میں عورت کا مقام: تقابلی مطالعہ

Islam which is considered the religion and code of life of humanity is also the fore runner of the women rights. It not only restored their last glory as the sacred mother, daughter, wife and sister but also give them equal share in social life and give prime importance to them in decision making. As Islam is the youngest of all human religions therefore all the short comings regarding women rights is fulfilled and given in Islam. This comparative study will analyses the women status in all religions and will compare it with the same in Islam.

Iris Localization Using Grayscale Texture Analysis and Recognition Using Bit Planes

Identification and verification of human beings is very important because of today’s security condition throughout the world. From the beginning of 19th century, iris is being used for recognition of humans. Recent efforts in computer vision have made it possible to develop automated systems that can recognize individuals efficiently and with high accuracy. The main functional components of existing iris-recognition systems consist of image acquisition, iris localization, feature extraction and matching. While designing the system, one must understand physical nature of the iris, image processing and their analysis to make an accurate system. The most difficult and time consuming part of iris recognition is iris localization. In this thesis, performance of iris localization and normalization processes in iris recognition systems has been enhanced through development of effective and efficient strategies. Bit plane and wavelet based features has been analyzed for recognition. Iris localization is the most important step in iris recognition systems. Iris is localized by first finding the boundary between pupil and iris using different methods for different databases. This is because the iris image acquiring devices and environment is different. Non-circular boundary of pupil is obtained by dividing the circular pupil into specific points and then these points are forced to shift at exact boundary position of pupil which are linearly joined. The boundary between iris and sclera is obtained by finding points of maximum gradient in radially outwards different directions. Redundant points are discarded by finding certain distance from the center of the pupil to the concerned relevant point. This is because the distance between center of pupil and center of iris is very small. The domain for different directions is left and right sectors of iris when pupil center is at the origin of the axes. Eyelids are detected by fitting parabolas using points satisfying specific criterions. Experimental results show that the efficiency of the proposed method is very high as compared to other existing methods. Improved localization results are reported using proposed methods. The experiments are carried out for four different iris image datasets. Correct localization rate of 100% (pupil circular boundary), 99.8% (non-circular pupil), 99.77% (iris outer -ii-boundary), 98.91% (upper eyelid detection) and 96.6% (lower eyelid detection) has been achieved for different datasets. To compensate the change in size of the iris due to pupil constriction / dilation and camera to eye distance, different normalization schemes have been designed and implemented based on difference reference points. Mainly two different features extraction methodologies have been proposed. One is related to the bit planes of normalized image and other utilizes the properties of wavelet transform. Recognition results based on bit plane features of the iris have also been obtained and correct recognition rate of up to 99.64% has been achieved using CASIA version 3.0. Results on other databases have also provided encouraging performance with accuracy of 94.11%, 97.55% and 99.6% on MMU, CASIA version 1.0 and BATH iris databases respectively. Different wavelets have been applied to get best iris recognition results. Different levels of wavelet transforms (Haar, Daubechies, Symlet, Coiflet, Biorthogonal and Mexican hat) along with different number of coefficients have been used. Coiflet wavelet resulted in high accuracies of 99.83%, 96.59%, 98.44% and 100% on CASIA version 1.0, CASIA version 3.0, MMU and BATH iris databases respectively.
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