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مقدمہ

الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلوة والسلام على رسوله الكريم اما بعد: اللہ تعالیٰ کی سب سے بڑی نعمت یہ ہے کہ ہمیں اسلام سے نوازا جو دین فطرت ہے ایک ہمہ گیر اور مکمل دین ہے علم و اخلاق کا دین ہے ہر زمان و مکان کے لیے موزوں و مناسب دین ہے آسانی و رحمت کا دین ہے قرآن ہی اسلام ہے قرآن مجید اللہ رب ذوالجلال کا پاک کلام ہے جسے اس نے اپنے محبوب پیغمبر سید کائناتﷺ پر نازل فرمایا یوں تو اللہ تعالیٰ نے امام الانبیاء رحمۃ للعالمین حضرت محمدﷺ کو بہت سے معجزات عطا فرمائے تھے مگر ان میں سے ایک سب سے عظیم ، ابدی، دائمی، لافانی اور سرمدی معجزہ قرآن مجید ہے ۔قرآن مجید کی تلاوت اور معانی و مفاہیم کو سمجھنے کے لیے اور سمجھانے کے لیے تدبر و تفکر افضل ترین عبادت ہے بلکہ دین و عبادت کی تمام ترعمارت قرآن مجید کی ہی اساس پر استوار ہے قرآن مجید میں احکام بھی ہیں شرائع بھی، امثال بھی ہیں اور مواعظ و تاریخ بھی، نہ امور دین سے متعلق کوئی ایسی چیز ہے جس کی قرآن مجید میں توضیح و تبیین نہ کر دی گئی ہو اور نہ نظامِ کائنات سے متعلق کوئی ایسی بات ہے جس کی قرآن حکیم میں وضاحت و صراحت نہ کر دی گئی ہو مسلمانوں نے بھی قرآن مجید کے ساتھ اپنے سینوں کو منور کیا اور اس کی تعلیمات کے مطابق عمل کیا اس کے بحر ذخائر میں غواصیوں کے بعد علوم و فنون کے ایسے لعل و جواہردنیا کے سامنے پیش کیے جس کی سابقہ ادیان و اقوام میں کوئی مثال نہیں ملتی۔
کسی نے تو لغات قرآن، تحریرکلمات، مخارج حروف قرآن پر بحث کی تو کسی نے عموم و خصوص، حقیقتا و مجاز، ظاہر و مجمل، محکم و مشتابہ، امرونہی...

دور الفرد في مكافحة الجريمة الجنائية في الشريعة الإسلامية والقانون الوضعي

There is a great importance and significance of the role of an individual to prevent his body and property from an aggression. Islamic law and conventional law has authorized an individual to repel any kind of aggression upon his body and property and has not forced him to stand hands bound towards the aggressor. This role of an individual will help to decrease the ratio of crimes in society. It has been strived in this paper to provide proof of its legalization from Quran, Sunnah and also from conventional law. It has also been tried to discuss the main portions and relevant issues relating to the said topic such as; aggression, offence, defence during the continuance of aggression or offence and retreat during the aggression in Shariah and Common Law.

Students Transition from Middle to High School: Challenges and Effects

The study aimed to explore the challenges students face in their transition from middle to high school and the effect of these challenges on them in a private high school in the context of Chitral. This school is situated in a rural area of Pakistan, where students from various middle schools get admission after passing their grade-eight exam. A case study design within qualitative research methodology was employed to explore the transitional challenges and their effects on students during their transition from middle to high school. Overall, the sample consisted of twelve students, ten parents, four teachers and three school principals. The data were gathered through observations of the school activities, interviews of principals and teachers, focused group discussion with parents and students and document analysis. The results of the study highlighted some of the academic and social challenges and their effects on students during their transition from middle to high school. The common academic challenges include high homework load, parental and teachers' expectations of high grades, high number of monthly tests, lack of subject specialist teachers, and lack of individualized attention by teachers. Social challenges faced by students were lack of English speaking culture in middle schools hampering relationship formation, lack of peers' support during transition, cultural norms and low sporting facilities hampering relationships, and cold attitude of middle school principals towards students. The study also found that transitional challenges had both positive and negative effects on students' social and academic performance. From the results of the study it also appeared that students do not receive adequate academic and social support in middle schools, which hinders their smooth transition to high school. The findings also revealed that intervention programmes in high school include strict rules, co-curricular activities and academic support such as extra classes and co-teaching practices, which does help to an extent, yet these intervention programmes were not sufficient to ameliorate the ailments of transitional challenges. According to the results of the study, parental support came in the form of their help in homework, provision of financial assistance and emotional guidance, having high expectations of their children, and volunteering. The study also found that students mostly use emotion focused coping strategies (procrastination, avoiding social relationships, divine support, and teachers help) as compared to problem focused coping strategies (proper scheduling, more time to studies, and organization). The study also concluded that long journeys due to distance hindered both academic
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