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دھڑکنوں سے پیام آیا ہے

دھڑکنوں سے پیام آیا ہے
میری رگ رگ میں وہ سمایا ہے

کوئی کیوں تیرے ساتھ ساتھ چلے
میں ہی ہوں اور میرا سایا ہے

اُس کی مسکان پر ہیں پھول فدا
چاند پر حسن اس کا چھایا ہے

کوئے جاناں میں بکتے یوسف کو
کوئی کیوں کر خرید لایا ہے

آج دھڑکن بھی تیز ہے دل کی
آج اُن کا سلام آیا ہے

میں بصد شوق منتظر تھی فضاؔ
دل یہ کس کا پیام لایا ہے

المقال الدينى عند محمود تيمور

Mehmood Taimur، A famous and well known literary figure of Egypt، when started his writing career، besides many literary works، he has penned down many essays too. He has written on different topics including the religious one. His religious writings come in the category of religious essays as their topics are purely religious. His religious essays encompass the following aspects: Love of Religion: He was bred and brought up in a religious family and learnt religious principles. So his essays are imbued in religious spirit. He regards love of religion not a mere part but the very essence of creed. He firmly believes that love of religion and country are the indispensable part of one’s belief. Love of God: His heart was saturated with the love of God. The sighs he heaved from his heart in his religious essays are the clear proof of his love of God. Love of Prophet (PBUH): He believes that you can never have love of God in your heart without the love of His Holy Prophet. Such kind of love is incomplete. He thinks that personality of the Holy Prophet(PBUH) is the living practical example of Holy Quran. Love of Quran: Mehmood Taimur has made clear that the Quran is the miracle of Holy Prophet(PBUH). Quran had influenced his heart deeply. He always meditated on Quran and the recitation of Quran after morning prayer was his daily routine. In short having been raised in religious atmosphere، his heart was free of all vices. On seeing such character traits، every reader may infers the conclusion that his s essays are truly religious in their spirit.

Studies of Systemic Insecticides and Custard Apple Annaona Squamosa Seed Extract Effects on Cotton Pest Spodoptera Litura , With Reference to Transgenic and Conventional Cotton Varieties

Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) is an economically important pest of many agricultural crops, to study the effects of acetamiprid, acephate, fipronil and custard apple Annona squamosa L. on cotton pest Spodoptera litura (Fab.), with reference to transgenic and conventional cotton varieties studies were carried out. Five doses were used for each under test samples i.e., acetamiprid 0.16, 0.20, 0.24, 0.28, 0.32 %, acephate 0.097, 0.291, 0.485, 0.679, 0.873 %, fipronil 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 %, and Annona squamosa 0.9, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 1.7 % concentrations of a desired volume were prepared by diluting in distilled water. Sixty larvae were treated by using leaf dipping method. After 72 hours mortality was recorded. The experiment was replicated four times. By calculating the mean mortalities through probit analysis in respect to various doses of the insecticides and custard apple Annona squamosa LC50 was calculated, as the pattern of toxicity showed, fipronil was found to be the highest toxic with the lowest LC50 value of 0.025% followed by acetamiprid 0.231%, acephate 0.337% and Annona squamosa with 1.319% respectively. Same numbers of Spodoptera litura larvae were treated with LC50 of each insecticide and Annona squamosa, and the fresh leaves of 40 days aged cotton plant of respective variety to study their effects on biotic potential of Spodoptera litura. Acetamiprid found to be highly effective against pupation. Fipronil and Annona squamosa was found to be the more promising with pupal weigh of 292.75 and 300.21 mg/pupa respectively. Annona squamosa and cotton varieties caused prolong pupal duration as compared to other treatments whereas the lowest pupal duration was recorded in fipronil treatment. Acephate showed higher toxic effects against adult emergence followed by acetamiprid, fipronil, Annona squamosa, CEMB-33, Bt-906, FH-142 and CIM-496. The lowest adult female/male ratio was observed in fipronil, acephate and CEMB-33 treatment as 0.866, 0.867 and 0.936, female/male while it was found almost equal in Annona squamosa and it was higher in cotton varieties. To determine the effects on biotic potential of Spodoptera litura four different mating combinations of male and female crosses were established for adults emerged from each concentration treated larvae i.e., T♀xU♂, T♂xU♀, T♀xT♂ and U♂xU♀ as control. Adult when crossed as T♀xU♂, Annona squamosa and insecticides were found to be more effective than under test cotton varieties against fecundity as well as fertility. Among insecticides and Annona squamosa, higher effects were recorded in acephate followed by Annona squamosa, fipronil and acetamiprid. Among cotton varieties CEMB- 33 found to be the most effective followed by Bt-906, FH-142 and CIM-496 as compared to control. Adults when crossed as T♂xU♀, acephate and Annona squamosa, showed higher effects in insecticides and in cotton varieties CEMB-33 were found to be the most effective against fecundity and Annona squamosa showed higher effects on fertility followed by fipronil, acephate and acetamiprid and in cotton varieties CEMB-33 showed higher effect against fertility of Spodoptera litura. while in the case of T♀xT♂ fecundity was found tremendously suffered, acephate and Annona squamosa was found to be effective than others, where as fipronil, acetamiprid and Annona squamosa proved to be the most effective against fertility. Adults, pairs in all crosses acephate treated adults showed the lowest incubation period whereas Bt-906 and CEMB-33 showed higher incubation period than in control. Newly emerged T♀xU♂, Annona squamosa showed the lowest adult male longevity, whereas in the same pair acephate showed the lowest female adult. When adults were paired as U♀×T♂ of Spodoptera litura, acephate showed the lowest adult male longevity, whereas fipronil and Annona squamosa showed the lowest female adult longevity. In the case of T♀xT♂ acephate and Annona squamosa showed the lowest adult male and female longevity. Sodium dodecylsulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was employed to determine the effects of insecticides, Annona squamosa, and under test cotton varieties on the protein pattern of 5th instar Spodoptera litura larvae. Relative flow values and movement of separated proteins were recorded and compared with the protein pattern of untreated group of larvae. Estimation of electrophoretic mobility of different proteins, total protein contents, acetylcholinesterase activity and total esterase activity were determined under the toxic effect insecticides, Annona squamosa, and under test cotton varieties. Quantitative changes in total protein contents and inhibition in the activity of acetylcholinesterase and fluctuation in total esterases were observed. Annona squamosa showed significant toxic effects against Spodoptera litura larvae and exhibited inhibitory activity against total protein, acetylcholinesterase, and detoxification enzymes total esterase. Annona squamosa and transgenic cotton varieties may be considered as ecosystem friendly approach and could be used as pest control agents in order to reduce use of synthetic pesticides.
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