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محمد سرور
محمد سرور (۱۹۵۷ء ۔پ) اصل نام اور سرورؔ تخلص کرتے ہیں۔ آپ پسرور کے قریب ایک گاؤں پنوانہ میں پیدا ہوئے ۔ آغا وفا ابدالی سرورؔ کے شاعری میں اُستاد تھے۔(۱۱۳۹) آپ کی شاعری میں آغا وفا ابدالی کا اسلوب اور انداز واضح طور پر نظر آتا ہے۔ آپ حقیقت پسند اور رجائی شاعر ہیں۔ رجائیت، قناعت ،امن اور موت سرور کی شاعری کے اہم موضوعات ہیں:
دنیا ہست وبود میں کوئی ضرر نہ ہو
انسانِ خواہشات کا پُتلا اگر نہ ہو
دست قضا کا کھیل جو نوعِ بشر نہ ہو
9افسانہ حیات کبھی مختصر نہ ہو
ممکن نہیں کہ طے ہو کبھی جادہ وفا
جب تک کسی کی یاد شریکِ سفر نہ ہو
پھوٹے گی ایک روز تو امید کی کرن
وہ رات کو ن سی ہے کہ جس کی سحر نہ ہو
(۱۱۴۰)
۱۱۳۹۔’’محافظ‘‘(رسالہ)پسرور ،گورنمنٹ ڈگری کالج ۷۵، ۱۹۷۴ء، ص:۱۸۴
۱۱۴۰۔ایضاً،ص:۱۸۶
قاعدہ استصحاب کی حجیت پر اہل سنت اور اہل تشیع کی آرا ء کا تحقیقی و تقابلی مطالعہ
This research article is a comparative study of arguments on Istishab from Ahli-eSunnah and Ahli-e-Tashyyo School of thoughts. Istishab means presumption of continuity. The word "Istishab" also means the continuance of companionship. Technically it means the presumption of constant of an earlier rule or it continued absence. In this sense it means the maintenance of status with respect to the rule. The previous rule is accepted. Unless a new rule is found that goes against. It is an easy reference one may refer to "Istishab-ul-hal" as the "accompanying rule". But the fact is that, Istishab-ul-hal is not a source for establishing new rules, but it is merely a set of presumptions. Istishab has vital importance in Islamic jurisprudence. But the authenticity and Significance of "Istishab" only can prove through arguments therefore decided to arrange a unique and comparative study of ‘Istihab” form Ahil sunnat and Ahil tashyy School of thoughts. So we can prove the rule of Istishab as an authentic and acceptable rule for all Muslim.Synthesis and Characterization of Hyperbranched Polymers
The applications of macromolecules are widespread in the modern world and their utilities keep on increasing. Several significant developments in the field of polymeric materials engaged transfer of advantageous characteristics via control of polymer architecture. The interest in hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) stems from the ability to manipulate polymer composition to impart a particular set of traits. This basic research work on HBPs was driven by curiosity and charisma of these extremely elegant and intricate architectures. The present thesis aimed to fabricate HBPs in a one-pot method using new monomers synthesized in this work. All the newly synthesized monomers were subjected to FTIR, 1H, 13 C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The next goal was to utilize commercially available monomers in the facile synthesis to different families of HBPs. The reactions were stopped before gelation by the optimization of polymerization conditions. A three pronged strategy to HBP was pursued and in each specific strategy AB2, A2 + B3 and 2A2 + CBB′, the shell chemistry of the HBPs was employed to tailor desirable properties. Initially, a novel AB2 monomer, 6-hydroxy-2,4-bis(4′-nitrobenzamide)pyrimidine (NAL), was synthesized and successfully polymerized to hyperbranched polyamide-ethers (HBPAEs), which was subsequently end modified. Afterward, new trifunctional monomers, 1,3,5-tris(4''-hydroxyphenylcarbamoyl)benzene (THPCB), 1,3,5-tris(3'',4''- carboxyphenyl)benzene trianhydride (TAn), and 1,3,5-tris(4′- aminophenylcarbamoyl)benzene (TAPCB) were designed, synthesized and efficiently polymerized to hyperbranched polyamide-esters (HBPAE), hyperbranched polyester- imides (HBPEI) and hyperbranched polyamides (HBPAs) respectively, via the polymerization of A2 and B3 monomers without gelation. In these cases a dilute A2 solution was added slowly to a dilute B3 solution to prepare HB samples in the absence of gelation. A new 2A2 + CBB′ approach was undertaken where an A2C dimer was formed initially which can be considered as a new A2B type of monomer. Further reaction among A2C molecules resulted in the formation of hyperbranched polyamide-esters (HBPAEs) containing pyrimidine moieties. Complete structural 1 elucidation of the ensuing HBPs was carried out using FTIR, H and i 13 C NMR spectroscopic analyses. Additionally, all the prepared HBPs were characterized for qualitative solubility test, inherent viscosity, molar mass, thermal stability, glass transition temperature (Tg) and crystallinity. Structure-property correlations were established and it was observed that properties depended on end functionality. The degree of branching (DB) determined for HBPs based on the 2A2 + CBB′ approach was found to be >60 % and 41-56 % for the AB2 and A2 + B3 systems. Molar masses were determined using GPC which showed that the prepared HBPs had moderate Mw values. Thermal analyses for different HBPs systems showed that aliphatic HBPs were less thermally stable and had values of Tg lower than aromatic ones. HBPs contain a distinct multiplicity of peripheral functionalities which offer sites for additional chemical modification or as templates for non-covalent intermolecular interactions. Modification of the end groups in the prepared HBPs was carried out using different modifiers and complete modification was achieved proving that reactive terminal functionalities were easily accessible. The modified polymers displayed good solubility in different organic solvents. The properties of HB systems were compared with their linear analogues based on the same backbone structure. Accordingly, solution viscosity measurements exhibited that HBPs had lower solution viscosity, enhanced solubility and predominantly amorphous character compared to their linear analogues of comparable molar masses. Tg evaluation of HBP samples of different systems were carried out and showed that our HB systems demonstrated a lower Tg than their linear counterparts. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding between pyrimidine nitrogens and the amide NH groups of adjacent molecules provided the basis for material uniqueness. In addition, pyrimidine moieties played a vital role in producing outstanding thermal properties of HBPs; therefore, pyrimidine rings influenced the structural and material characteristics of these HBPs. Future prospects and potential applications of these HBPs are also envisaged.Journals by Discipline
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