سید اختر علی تلہری
سید اختر علی صاحب فن شاعر اور نکتہ سنج ادیب تھے، اردو اور فارسی زبان و ادب پر استادانہ نظر تھی، عربی اور انگریزی سے بھی واقف تھے، ساری عمر درس و تدریس اور تالیف و تصنیف میں گذری، ان کے تلامذہ کا دائرہ بہت وسیع ہے ان کی تربیت نے بہت سے شاعر و ادیب پیدا کردیے، ان کا کلام اور مضامین رسالوں میں نکلتے رہتے تھے، معارف میں بھی ان کی غزلیں شائع ہوتی تھیں، عرصہ ہوا معارف میں ہندوستان کے عربی شعرا پر ایک مبسوط مضمون شائع ہوا تھا، اتفاق سے اس میں کسی شیعہ شاعر کا ذکر نہ تھا، تلہری صاحب نے مجھ کو شکایت کا خط لکھا میں نے جواب دیا کہ اس میں میرا قصور نہیں ہے مضمون جس شکل میں آیا تھا میں نے شائع کردیا، اگر آپ شیعہ شعرا پر لکھ بھیجیں تو اس کو بھی شائع کردیا جائے گا، چنانچہ یہ مضمون انھوں نے لکھ کر بھیجا اور وہ شائع ہوا، مضامین کے علاوہ مستقل علمی و ادبی تصانیف بھی ان کی یاد گار ہیں، آج کل شاعروں اور ادیبوں کی کمی نہیں، ان کی تعداد روز افزوں ہے اس سے نظم و نثر دونوں کا دامن بہت وسیع ہوگیا ہے لیکن فنی مہارت اور علمی و ادبی بصیرت مفقود ہوتی جاتی ہے۔ تلہری مرحوم کی وفات سے ایک صاحبِ علم و ادب اور صاحبِ فن شاعر اٹھ گیا۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی مغفرت فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، مئی ۱۹۷۱ء)
In this article the role played by the Muslim religious scholars in the Pakistan Movement has also been discussed. The most prominent among such scholars were Molana Mazharuddin Malik, Molana Shabeer Ahmad Usmani, Molana Ashraf Ali Thanvi, Molana Zafar Ahmad Ansari, Mufti Muhammad Shafee, Molana Ikram Khan Bengali, Molana Ahmad Raza Khan Brailvi, Molana Naeem Uddin Muradabadi, Molana Azad Subhani, Molana Abdul Hamid Badauni, and MolanaAbul Ala Maududi. At the end, an analysis of the ideology of Pakistan has been presented in the light of the excerpts taken from various speeches and statements made by the Quaid during 1938 and 1948. It shows that the Quaid wanted to make Pakistan an Islamic state governed by the teachings of Allah Taala. He wanted to make it a model Islamic state to convince others to realize that the commandments of Allah are practicable and are a means of salvation from hurdles and hardships.
The starting point of good citizenship is the ability of the child to become aware of his/her identity, right, and obligations in the community. Hence, the curriculum is a very important tool in creating awareness through relevant teaching methods. Social Studies thus, is a crucial subject in teaching citizenship education. Therefore, inquiry is one of the most relevant instructional strategies, so as to allow students to question in order to become aware of issues that affect them as individuals, or as a nation, on a global level. Issue-based inquiry is an instructional strategy which can be used to promote active learning by encouraging students to investigate the problem by collecting information from different sources, analyzing and presenting the findings and identifying areas to take appropriate actions. The study was conducted in one of the private schools of Pakistan in a grade eight Social Studies classroom. A small scale classroom action research was carried out in order to study the implementation of issue-based inquiry. The action research, which I practiced, involved the process of formulating a general idea, conducting reconnaissance, making a general plan of action, implementation and evaluation. The cycle of action research that is planning, acting, observing and reflecting was followed in the process. The findings of this study indicated that by being involved in issue-based inquiry, students can develop inquiry skills and as in groups, the skills of working together are practiced. However, skill development is a gradual process, which demands deliberate teaching and substantial practice. For example, the students developed skills of collecting data from newspaper and textbook, but they still require more practice so as to become comfortable in these skills. Also, the knowledge regarding ‘Kalabagh Dam's construction' and Environmental Pollution' was shared. However, students found the second topic more interesting and close to their level, whereas the former was considered as a political' and adult' topic, and they did not want to associate themselves with politics.