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مولانا عبدالرحمن[امیر شریعت خامس]

امیر شریعت خامس کی رحلت
امیر شریعت خامس مولانا عبدالرحمن کی وفات ہندوستان خصوصاً بہارو اڑیسہ کے مسلمانوں کا نقصان عظیم ہے۔ قوم و ملت اپنے ایک بزرگ رہنما عالمِ دین اور عارف باﷲ سے محروم ہوگئی۔ وہ واقعی عالم باعمل اور اس دور میں زہد و اتقا، عمل و اخلاص اور اتباعِ سنت میں منفرد و یگانہ تھے۔ ان کی زندگی دین کی خدمت و اشاعت دعوت و تبلیغ ، وعظ و ارشاد، نفوس کی اصلاح و تزکیہ اور مسلمانوں کی فلاح و بہبود میں گزری اور ان سے بے شمار لوگوں کو فیض پہنچا۔
حضرت امیر شریعت کی علالت کا سلسلہ کئی ماہ سے چل رہا تھا، افاقہ نہ ہونے کی بنا پر مدرسہ حمیدیہ گودنا (چھپرہ) سے پھلواری شریف لائے گئے اور سجاد میموریل اسپتال کے علاج سے کسی قدر حالت بہتر ہوئی مگر پھر مرض نے شدت اختیار کرلی تو حی کلینک پٹنہ میں داخل کئے گئے مگر وقتِ موعود آگیا اور یہیں ۲۹؍ ستمبر ۹۸؁ء کو رشد و ہدایت کا یہ چراغ ہمیشہ کے لیے بجھ گیا۔
۳۰؍ ستمبر کو ۱۱ بجے دن میں قائم مقام امیر شریعت نے پھلواری میں جنازہ کی نماز پڑھائی جس میں مختلف اضلاع کے ہزاروں سوگواروں نے شرکت کی۔ اسی روز جسد مبارک مدرسہ حمیدیہ گودنا (چھپرہ) لایا گیا جہاں عصر بعد نماز جنازہ ہوئی اور متعدد اضلاع سے آئے ہوئے ہزاروں عقیدت مندوں کی موجودگی میں مسجد کے قریب ان کی تدفین ہوئی۔
مولانا نے ۹۵ برس کی طویل عمر پائی، ان کی ولادت ضلع دربھنگہ کے ایک گاؤں میں ۱۹۰۳؁ء میں ہوئی تھی۔ مختلف دینی مدارس میں تعلیم پانے کے بعد مدرسہ شمس الہدیٰ پٹنہ سے فضیلت کی سند لی، وہ ایک اچھے اور ذہین طالب علمی تھے، فضیلت کے امتحان میں پورے بہار میں اول آئے۔ ابتدا ہی سے طبیعت طاعت و زہد...

أحكام الخنثى بين العلم والأحوال الشخصية: دراسة فقهية مقارنة

This research addresses Islam's view of the social ties that man creates by virtue of his living among the people or in which he borns as its member, and aims to answer several questions about the relationship of these social ties with the Islamic brotherhood bond that Islam has brought. Does Islam recognize the social ties? On which basis does Islam recognize them and why? What is their position in front of Islamic brotherhood? How does Islam invest these ties to achieve religious, psychological and social security? Are there any conditions that Islam has developed to recognize and nurture these ties? The answer to these questions comes through the Qur’ānic texts, the prophetic Hadiths and the events of the Prophet's biography, based on open and direct reference, and away from the ambiguous interpretations or weak evidences; in order to clarify this matter clearly, and to check the validity of the results of the study.

Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of Thymus Linearis

The crude methanolic extract of Thymus linearis and its fractions were analyzed for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. They exhibited significant antibacterial activity against MDR bacterial strains. The maximum effect was shown by butanolic fraction against S.aureus, K. pneumoniae and Providencia species. The crude methanolic extract and other fractions exhibited low to moderate antibacterial activity. Similarly crude methanolic extract and its various fractions were analyzed for antifungal activity. The crude extract showed good activity against Rhizopus (14mm), Penicillium chrysogenum (10mm) and Aspergillus fumigates (10mm) respectively, while chloroform fraction showed no effect against Rhizopus. The n-hexane fraction showed low to moderate activity against Penicillium chrysogenum. The crude methanolic extract and its various fractions were analyzed for their phytotoxic effect. The phytotoxicity of butanolic fraction was significant, while moderate activity shown by crude methanolic extract, ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions of T. linearis. In in-vitro contact bioassay the n-hexane and butanolic fraction exhibited significant activity resulting 60% mortality of T. casteneum while methanolic fraction exhibited about 40% and 30% mortality of T. casteneum and C.analis respectively. The anthelmintic effect of crude methanolic extract and its solvent fractions showed significant results. The n-hexane and ethyl acetate fraction showed more significant anthelmintic activity, while methanol, chloroform and butanol fractions showed mild to moderate activity against Pheretima posthumas. The crude methanolic extract and its various fractions exhibited a concentration dependent antioxidant effect. The crude extract possessed similar antioxidant effect to that of ascorbic acid, while the antioxidant potential of n-hexane, butanol and chloroform were comparable to that of Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The ethyl acetate fraction showed lowest antioxidant activity. In in-vivo biological activities the crude methanolic extract and its various fractions were being very safe in acute toxicity assay. In analgesic activity the Thymus linearis methanolic extract (TLME) exhibited a dose dependent antinociceptive effect in both peripheral and central analgesic models. Similarly antipyretic effect of TLME was increased as the dose increased from 100 to 300mg/kg. The TLME showed significant antipyretic effect from 2nd hr up to 4th hr of experiment. The TLME, at the dose of 300mg/kg exhibited significant anti-inflammatory response 2hr after the carrageenan injection and sustained throughout the experiment. In nephro and hepato protective activity, the crude methanolic extract and its various fractions showed significant results, and n-butanol, chloroform and crude extract were more nephro and hepato protective while ethyl acetate fraction showed mild nephro and hepato protective activity. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was done of crude methanolic extract and its various solvent fractions which suggested the presence of different new compounds like amides, aldehydes, carboxylic acid, ethers, alcohols and ketones etc, majority of which are not reported formally. Fixed oils were obtained from n-hexane sub-fraction and GC/MS of fixed oils showed presence of important fatty oils which are biologically active. The ethyl acetate and chloroform fraction were subjected to column chromatography (CC) which resulted into the isolation of six pure compounds. The structure elucidation of pure compounds was done using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, COSY, NOSY, HMQC, HMBC, UV, IR, EI-MS and HREI-MS. All the compounds were isolated from T. linearis for the first time but they were reported from other sources as well. These compounds were β-Sitosterol, Ursolic acid, 3, 4, 5- Trihydroxybenzoic acid, Oleanolic acid, Benzoic acid and Betulinic acid. The in-vivo and in-vitro biological activities were corresponding with these isolated pure compounds. The antipyretic, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of β- sitosterol, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid has already been recorded. The antioxidant and antitumor activity of ursolic acid and betulinic acid has also been reported as well. This research activity significantly supported ethnobotanical uses of T. linearis whole plant as a traditional medicine for treatment. In spite of all this further thorough research work on the crude methanolic extract and its various fractions for isolation of secondary metabolites is required. Furthermore research activities on isolated compounds may give directions for potential therapeutic agent for management of different disease.
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