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حوالہ جات

حوالہ جات

خلیل صدیقی، زبان کیا ہے۔ عاکف بک ڈپو ،دہلی،1994ء،ص 25

        محمد حسین ،آزاد۔سخن دانِ فارس،اتر پردیش اردو اکادمی ،لکھنئو،1979ءص 11

        Jan Bemes, the unfolding of Language “Oxford univ. press 2001. مترجم اصغر بشیر،سٹی بک پوائنٹ، لاہور ص 40

        فوزیہ اسلم، ڈاکٹر، بازیافت (رسالہ) جنوری تا جون ۲۰۱۷، شعبہ اردو اورنٹیل کالج، پنجاب یونی ورسٹی، لاہور

        محی الدین قادری، زور، سید، ہندوستانی لسانیات، ص ۱۴

        محمد حسین، ڈاکٹر ،اردو ریسرچ جنرل، جولائی، ستمبر ۲۰۱۷ء

        حامد اللہ ندوی، ڈاکٹر، اردو زبان کا تاریخی خاکہ، مشمولہ اردو تاریخ ومسائل (مرتب) سید روح الامین، گجرات عزت اکادمی (۲۰۰۷ء)، ص ۳۵

        گیان چند جین، عام لسانیات، بک ٹال، لاہور، ۲۰۱۸ء، ص ۱۷

        ڈیوڈ کرسٹل، لسانیات کیا ہے؟ مترجم نصیر احمد خان، قومی نسل برائے فروغِ اردو،نئی دہلی، ۱۹۸۸ء، ص ۵۹

        F.C. Backet. A Coursein modern Linguistics 1958 میکلمن کمپنی، نیو یارک، ص ۰۲

          ابوالاعجاز حفیظ صدیقی، کشاف تنقیدی اصطلاحات، اسلام آباد، مقتدرہ قومی زبان، ۱۹۸۵ء ، ص ۱۵۶

        اشرف کمال، ڈاکٹر، لسانیات، زبان اور رسم الخط، مثالی پبلی شرز، فیصل آباد، ۲۰۰۹ء، ص۵

        شوکت سبزواری، ڈاکٹر، لسانی مسائل، مکتبۂ اسلوب، کراچی، ۱۹۶۲ء، ص ۸

        طارق رحمٰن، ڈاکٹر:...

واقعہ 11/9 کے پاکستانی معیشت پر اثرات اور اسلامی تعلیمات: تجزیاتی مطالعہ

After the Incident of 9/11 Pakistan decided to become the ally of America and play an important role in fighting terrorism on both domestic and global fronts. This war has destroyed the peace of Pakistan and has affected the Economy of Pakistan desperately. The decision of Pakistani government to fight the so called war on terror with America only to get the financial and political support of America was clearly against the teachings of Islam. However, Pakistan did receive financial benefits in this war. The important development in the wake of 9/11 is that Pakistan became the biggest beneficiary of US economic aid in the South Asian region. Despite the GDP growth, foreign aid, foreign investment, better record of foreign exchange reserve, worker remittances and debt rescheduling Pakistan’s economy did not show the desired results. The change in the Pakistan’s economy during this period is not sustainable in economic term. Due to the war on terror law and order situation has become worst. At present Pakistan is facing most unique, difficult and gruesome faces of terrorism. In this situation fiscal policy in Islamic perspective is prerequisite for the peace and economic development of Pakistan.

Developing Grade 12 Student Council Members’ Leadership Skills to Execute Their Leadership Tasks Effectively

Students are future builders of a nation. Therefore, special attention needs to be paid on flourishing their leadership skills both in developed and developing countries including Pakistan. Various researches have been carried out regarding this emerging field of study in Pakistan. However, there is still a need to prepare a comprehensive program for developing leadership skills in school and college students. Present study could be seen as the first step towards the formulation of any such program. This study was designed to develop grade 12 student council members' leadership skills so that they may execute their leadership tasks effectively at a private girls' higher secondary school in Karachi Pakistan. A collaborative action research methodology was employed to conduct the study. Seven students and a teacher were selected through purposive sampling procedure. Semi-structured interviews, focused group discussions, observations, students' feedback and reflections were used as data collection tools during the three stages of action research. It took eleven weeks to carry out this study. Findings revealed that by enabling student leaders to communicate effectively and by providing them opportunities to take part in decision making their performance has improved their targeted leadership skills. Furthermore, equipping student leaders to reflect on their practices has also been found helpful in developing collaboration and problem solving skills in them. Consequently, they started executing their leadership tasks effectively. Therefore it is suggested that increasing students' voice could enhance execution of different leadership tasks at higher secondary level.
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