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پروفیسر نجم الاسلام

پروفیسر نجم الاسلام
پروفسر نجم الاسلام ۱۳؍ فروری ۲۰۰۱؁ء کو لطیف آباد سندھ حیدرآباد میں وفات پاگئے۔ اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
مرحوم کی پیدائش ۱۹۳۳؁ء میں بجنور میں ہوئی تھی۔ میرٹھ کالج سے بی۔اے کیا اور یہیں سے حفیظ میرٹھی وغیرہ کے اشتراک سے ’’معیار‘‘ کے نام سے ایک ادبی ماہنامہ نکالا جس نے چند برسوں کے بعد دم توڑ دیا مگر تعمیری ادب کے نقوش چھوڑ گیا۔ انھوں نے اس میں چھپنے والے افسانوں اور ڈراموں کا ایک انتخاب ’’ابھرتی کرنیں‘‘ کے نام سے شائع کیا تھا۔
پاکستان جانے کے بعد انہوں نے سندھ یونیورسٹی سے ایم۔اے کیا اور ’’شمالی ہند کی قدیم اردو نثر‘‘ کے موضوع پر اردو فارسی کے مشہور فاضل اور ممتاز محقق پروفیسر ڈاکٹر غلام مصطفےٰ کی نگرانی میں ڈاکٹریٹ کا مقالہ لکھا، ان کے ریٹائر ہونے کے بعد نجم الاسلام صاحب شعبہ اردو کے سربراہ مقرر ہوئے۔
سندھ یونیورسٹی کے شعبہ اردو کی جانب سے ۱۹۶۱؁ء میں انھوں نے ’’صریر خامہ‘‘ کے نام سے ایک ادبی مجلہ جاری کیا، ۱۹۸۷؁ء میں ان کی ادارت میں اسی شعبہ سے ایک معیاری اور بلند پایہ مجلہ ’’تحقیق‘‘ نکلا، جس نے ہندوستان و پاکستان کے بعض ممتاز محققین کے گوشے بھی شائع کئے، اس مجلہ میں راقم اپنے بعض پرانے مضامین دیکھ کر دنگ رہ گیا کہ وہ کہاں کہاں سے ڈھونڈ ڈھونڈ کر مضامین شائع کرتے تھے۔
خدا کرے یہ بلند پایہ مجلہ ان کے بعد بھی جاری رہے، مرحوم کی کئی کتابیں بھی چھپی ہیں ’’مطالعات‘‘ ان کے تحقیقی مضامین کا مجموعہ ہے۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ انہیں غریق رحمت کرے، آمین! (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، مئی ۲۰۰۱ء)

Participatory Based Transactions in Sharī‘ah (Islamic Commercial Law) and Their Role in the Development of Rural Local Agricultural Sector in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Local farming is, indeed, the most important sector of agriculture through which farmers grow food. However, owing to their weak financial conditions, they are not able to get maximum benefits from their labours for most of the times. The case of Pakistani farmers, particularly in rural areas of KP (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), is not different in this connection. They frequently resort to formal and informal sources of financing to accomplish their basic agricultural requirements: both crops and non-crops inclusive. However, all these sources advance financing facility on interest basis. Being typical Muslims, such agricultural credit is, therefore, avoided by these farmers and, as a result, they always endure on their financial grounds. In such situations, some substitute arrangements are recommended to reciprocate with their problems. This alternative is offered by Sharī‘ah through various commercial transactions – among which participatory based transaction i.e. Mushārakah is the most suitable and important one. In the present work, various models are proposed on the basis of such transaction to fulfill various agricultural requirements of farmers, living in rural areas of KP.  In addition, such models are structured in the light of basic theory, available in the classical literature of Islamic law, in order to make them more Sharī‘ah based rather Sharī‘ah compliant. The proposed models are then, at the second stage, tested at ground level to strengthen further their viability for all stake holders. Findings show that all agricultural requirements, particularly heavy machinery and transport, can be realized through such models provided if they are applied in their true spirit. Moreover, content analysis and focused group technique of qualitative research have been used, as a research methodology, for the investigation of the issue in the present work.

پاکستان میں دفتری اردو کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

The status of Urdu as an official language has a history that goes back to the first quarter of 19th century. At that time Urdu enjoyed the status of official language in some parts of the sub-continent. The court of Maharaja Ranjit Singh was linked with Urdu in quite a few ways. The Maharaja and his ancestors patronized the Urdu writers and poets as their courtiers. Even if the official language of the Maharaja's court was Persian the ruler himself employed Panjabi for daily administrative matters. But he used Urdu language while conversing with the visitors, the tourists, the diplomats from friendly countries and also with the British officers. From this it is easy to surmise that even if Urdu was not the official languages of his court it was still the language of everyday use for courtly and informal occasions. In the thesis under review an attempt has been made to study Urdu in the ways it has been used as an official language, in various times and eras. When the Quaid-e Azam declared Urdu as an official language of Pakistan such a study becomes imperative. There is a need to study Urdu as an official language in its various styles and this thesis makes a humble attempt to fulfill the need. The aim is to analyse Urdu as official language, particularly in view of the Quaid's declaration, and to study its significance as such. During the writing of the thesis the research matter has been analysed in a historical context. Every effort has been made to ensure the authenticity of the sources and these encompass the unpublished as well as the published material from antiquity to the modern times. In this way a period of two centuries have been covered to reflect to real purpose of the thesis.
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