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ایسا چہرہ جو دیکھتا ہو گا

ایسا چہرہ جو دیکھتا ہو گا
چاند حیرت میں کھو گیا ہو گا

تم کو دیکھا تو دیکھتا ہی رہا
عکس حیران رہ گیا ہو گا

حسن زادی ترے جمال کے بعد
چاند بے چارہ قیس سا ہو گا

تم کہو اور میں ویسی ہو جائوں
ہو گا اک دن یہ معجزہ ہو گا

میں ہوں کردار تم کہانی ہو
حشر اب اس میں رونما ہو گا

مجھ سے ملنے کے، دیکھنے کے، فضاؔ
خواب وہ بھی تو دیکھتا ہو گا

ابن خرداذبہ اور ان كى كتاب المسالك والممالك: تاریخى وتنقیدى جائزہ

Ibn Khurdathba was a man with variable culture, he had an important role in the science of geography especially (knowing of the roads, locations of the cities, weather in addition to the news of general history and some arts like (music and singing )  The growth of Ibn Khurdathba in a family worked in the military field, close to the royal court has helped him to start his practical life early and allowed him also to contact with caliphs, ministers and writers in addition to occupying of the significant positions in the state, making it easier to get information from their original resources. Ibn Khurdathba has descended from Persian family lately entered into Islam۔ One of earliest geographical works of this period, his famous Kitab al- Masalik wa’l= Mamalik’. It gives a summary of the main trade routes of the Arab world and in addition provides description of such distant China, Korea and Japan. This article attempts his life and his “Al masalik wa al mamalik” book, varies sides.

Similarity Identification and Measurement Between Two Web Ontologies

Nowadays, the web is the main collection of information resources but the retrieval of relevant and precise information from the web is a serious problem. The reason of this problem is the way web-contents are stored and formalized. With the realization of the ontology-based web, it is being tried to overcome this problem, but the ontologies may themselves suffer from heterogeneity when they are simultaneously used. Then, a need arises to identify and measure the similarity between concepts of those ontologies to overcome the said problem. Many investigators did work on this problem but still some issues need to be addressed. In this dissertation, a semi-automatic technique has been proposed for similarity identification and measurement between two web ontologies. The explicit semantics of concepts, in addition to their linguistic and taxonomic characteristics, is the key consideration and feature of the proposed technique. This proposed technique identifies all candidate pairs of similar concepts without omitting any similar-pair. The semantic relations and degree of similarity computed from new criteria, make the technique well-suited with the theme of semantic web. This technique can be used with different types of operations on ontology such as merging, mapping and aligning. We have implemented the proposed technique in Java, and validated it through different case studies. By comparing and analyzing the results of these case studies, a reasonable improvement in terms of completeness, correctness and overall quality of results, has been found.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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