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45. Al-Jathiyah/The Kneeling Down

45. Al-Jathiyah/The Kneeling Down

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

45:01
a. Ha. Mim.

45:02
a. The sending down of this Book - The Divine Qur’an - is from Allah,
b. The Almighty, The All-Wise.

45:03
a. Indeed, there are Wonders of Allah’s Creative Power throughout the celestial realm and the terrestrial world for all who are willing to believe.

45:04
a. And as they exist in your own creation and in the creation of a variety of other living creatures,
b. that HE scatters throughout the terrestrial world are Wonders for a people who are firm in
belief.

45:05
a. And so too in the alternation of the nighttime and the daytime,
b. and in the means of livelihood which Allah sends down from the sky clouds then HE enlivens the land after it had been made lifeless by prolonged exposures to drought,
c. and in the changing of direction, velocity, and temperature of the winds,
d. in all these are Wonders of Allah’s Creative Power for a people who understand.

45:06
a. These are the Messages of Allah,
b. that WE recite/convey to you in all truth.
c. So then in what other kind of a discourse will they ever believe if not in Allah and HIS Messages?

45:07
a. Woe to every impulsive liar and the sinful……

45:08
a. …. who hears Allah’s Messages in The Qur’an being recited to him,
b. and yet he persists in disbelief arrogantly as if he had never heard them.
c. So give him the good...

Critical Study of Moral Teachings of Islam and Buddhism for Promotion of Global Peace

All ancient and contemporary religions of the world like Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, Jainism and Islam emphasizes and attempts to uphold the highest moral and ethical values in human society in order to produce discipline and good will. Some of the religions strictly command for proper observance and submission to the laws and cannons", whereas the other religions do not stipulate strict allegiance to its principals, yet they nourish and treat human emotions and direct them for the general good of the society. On the whole, all religions aim at moral and ethical uplift of human beings, to install positivity in them and imbues the spirit of sacrifice, equality, affection, brotherhood and justice in mankind. Thus, these all facts testify that all religions, with some differences of pattern, propagate the message of love, Peace, equality, brotherhood, justice, Harmony and equity in the material age and greed-ridden epoch where individual profits and benefit overwhelm collective cause and general welfare of mankind. What we have done here in this paper is not to establish that one religion is better than the other but to demonstrate that almost all world religions stand for love, peace and harmony. There is no doubt, that all religions preach and advocate positive harmony among human beings but the message of Holy Prophet (SAW) is the only example who gave practical aspect of these theories. However, this paper elaborates this reality by a detailed comparison of Islam and Buddhism.

Numerical Simulations of Staged-Pinch Plasma for Thermonuclear Fusion Studies

We have investigated the dynamics of staged pinch plasma using different types of stability criterion with a view to suppress Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) instability. Fusion parameters in a staged pinch plasma device are estimated by considering double-gas puff as well as multicascade liner (N-multiple shells of finite thickness) system. First of all, the implosion dynamics of dense D-T fiber plasma driven by a double gas-puff z-pinch is examined in the presence of kinetic pressure. A modified snow-plow model has been used to describe the outer dynamics of imploding z-pinch plasma. We found that the inclusion of kinetic pressure introduces the usual plasma β-term. Our numerical results demonstrate that the fusion parameters can be achieved in a dense θ-pinch D-T fiber plasma for an optimum choice of density ratios of the test to driver gas at the interface position and the kinetic to magnetic pressure ratio. We expect that double gas- puff staged pinch device would be a more feasible approach to achieve fusion conditions with an enhanced stability. Since the shell thickness of the imploding plasma liner plays an important role in the stabilization of short-wavelength perturbations, causing R-T instability. First, we consider the implosion dynamics of a double-cascade configuration of two nested cylindrical shells with some initial radii and puff thicknesses that are imploded towards the axis under the action of J×B force. In order to achieve high density plasma at the final stage of collapse, D-T fiber plasma was seeded with high-Z Kr impurity so as to initiate radiative collapse. We choose different puff thickness so as to achieve stable implosion satisfying the criterion proposed by De Groot et al., [17]. Then we have also generalized the work by considering that the imploding z-pinch plasma is made up of discrete N-multiple shells of various thicknesses, radii and mass densities so as to reduce the total growth rate of R-T instability at the final stage of implosion. Our numerical results show that the plasma parameters of the D-T fiber sensitively depends upon the shell mass ratios and thicknesses. Large values of puff-thickness and mass-ratios provide stabilization against the R-T instability in the final stage of compression but adversely affects fusion conditions. For optimum values of puff-thicknesses and mass ratios, one can obtain fusion parameters of interest in a multicascade liner staged pinch device. In our zero- dimensional code, we have used typical parameters of Sandia National Laboratories for which the amplitude of discharge current was 10 MA, with a pulse duration of 50 nsec. We have also used sinusoidal type current profile. To make our model calculations more realistic, we have used current stepping technique, which uses the circuit coupled equation. In this technique, a single current step is added to the primary pinching current. We found that with current- stepping method, one can obtain very high density and high temperature plasma with relatively small values of driving current (kA) which are delivered in μsec time scale. Thus for optimum choice of scaling parameters, staged pinch device with current-stepping technique seemed to be a more feasible approach to achieve fusion conditions.
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