Search from the Journals, Articles, and Headings
Advanced Search (Beta)
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...

بھٹو کا ایٹمی پروگرام اور ہینری کسینجر کی دھمکی

 

بھٹو کا ایٹمی پروگرام اور ھینری کیسنجر کی دھمکی

اگست1976ء میں امیریکن وزیر خارجہ ڈاکٹر ھینری کیسنجر بھٹو صاحب کو ایٹمی پروگرام ختم کرانے کے لیے پاکستان آئے اور بھٹو صاحب کو بہت سمجھایا کہ ایٹمی پروگرام سے دست بردار ہو جائو ورنہ نقصان میں جائو گے جس پر بھٹو صاحب نے کیسنجر سے کہا سکندر یو نانی جسے آپ الیگزینڈر دی گریٹ کہتے ہیں وہ دنیا فتح کر نے نکلا تھا لیکن جب وہ سر زمین سندھ میں داخل ہوا تو یہاں کے مکینوں نے اسے کامیاب نہیں ہو نے د یا ۔آخر کار وہ بیمار ہوا اور مایوس ہو کر لو ٹ گیا ۔

ذواالفقار علی بھٹو کی پھانسی کا فیصلہ تو دس اگست 1976ء کو ہی کر لیا گیا تھا ۔جب امریکی وزیر خارجہ ڈاکٹر ہینری کسنجر اپنی بیوی کے ساتھ پاکستان آ یا تھا جس کے اعزاز میں اس وقت کے پنجاب کے گورنر نواب صادق قریشی نے شاہی قلعہ لاہور میں تیس مخصوص آدمیوں پر مشتمل دعوت کا اہتمام کیا تھا ۔فریدہ خانم غزل گوئی میں مشغول تھیں کہ کیسنجر نے بھٹو صاحب کو بولا ۔

"Mr,Bhutto,we will run rail road engie over you"

جس پر بھٹو صاحب نے قہقہہ لگا کر جواب دیا ۔

"When the time will come,we wil see to that also"

وہ رات بھٹو صاحب کے لیے اہم تھی ۔محفل کے ختم ہونے کے بعد ڈنر سے پہلے بھٹو صاحب نے تقریب سے خطاب کیا ۔

 

Physical activity in prevention of cancer and better prognosis

Cancer is a multifactorial disease with genetic and environmental risk factors. Environmental factors may also be termed as modifiable risk factors and these contribute towards 35% of cancer related mortalities as reported by World Health Organization. Obesity is the leading risk factor in this regard, causing not only deaths due to cancer but also to many other diseases. Among different factors causing obesity, a major contributor is lack of physical activity. In this era of modern technology and digitalization, sedentary mode of life has become a part of life and is mostly unavoidable. At the same time, there is a rise in the incidence of cancer. In the olden times, people used to do all manual work, a lot of walk, exercise and had healthy life style. Such healthy life style may have prevented them from various diseases.             Physical activity as a therapy on daily basis, is associated with a reduction in incidence of various carcinomas. It may improve overall wellbeing of healthy people as well as diseases persons from various ailments. As it is a common proverb that, “prevention is better than cure”, physical activity serves as a preventive measure for various diseases and also for fitness of normal healthy people. Although it is a known fact, yet planned population studies are required to provide evidence. Instead of unorganized physical activities, a structured physical activity may help in improvement of condition of cancer patients, prevention of cancer, cancer related deaths as well we quality of life. Healthcare providers should guide the patients in this regard.             There is lack of awareness among physicians and mostly they don’t refer them to physical therapists. There is also lack of information regarding the implementation of the programs and regimens of physical exercises for different diseases and cancers. Physical therapists may guide the patients in terms of frequency, intensity, duration of exercises which may serve as a betterment of their condition.

Evaluation of the Anti-Kidney Stone Anti-Urolithiasis Activity of Natural Products, and Study of Their Mechanism of Action

The key objective of the present project was to study the preventive and curative effects of some natural products in a rat model of kidney stone disease. The first part of this thesis includes results of in vitro studies in which Boerhavia diffusa (Linn.) and Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) exhibited anti-kidney stone activity by inhibiting the crystallization of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals. A well known natural product, caffeic acid (1), was also evaluated for its in vitro antiurolithic activity, which showed a protective effect against the formation of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals. Compound I has been obtained from various medicinal plants, including B. pinnatum (Lam.). In the second part, in vivo studies showed that B. pinnatum (Lam.) is a potent antiurolithic herb in ethylene glycol-induced urolithic rats. Twenty four hours urine analysis of the preventive group showed significant effects of herbal treatment on the urinary citrate (**p < 0.01), oxalate (**p < 0.01), calcium (*p < 0.05), magnesium (***p < 0.001), urea (***p < 0.001), and creatinine (**p < 0.01) levels. The curative treatment of rats with B. pinnatum extract also significantly regulated the altered urinary levels of citrate (***p < 0.001), oxalate (**p < 0.01), calcium (***p < 0.001), magnesium (***p < 0.001), urea (***p < 0.001), and creatinine (**p < 0.01). Similarly, caffeic acid (1) significantly regulated the pathologically altered levels of citrate (*p < 0.05) and oxalate (**p < 0.01) in the urine. Histopathological studies also revealed the protective effects of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) extract, and caffeic acid (1) on renal architecture. The third part comprised molecular studies in which renal tissues of rats from different groups were processed for RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), agarose gel electrophoresis, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). B. pinnatum (Lam.) extract increased the expression of prothrombin fragment 1 (*p < 0.05), bikunin (*p < 0.05), and Tamm-Horsfall genes (*p < 0.05), while it decreased the renal expression of osteopontin gene ((*p < 0.05), in comparison to the pathological control. In case of caffeic acid (1), prominent effects were observed where the expression of bikunin (*p < 0.05), prothrombin fragment 1 (*p < 0.05), and Tamm-Horsfall (**p < 0.01) increased significantly, while that of osteopontin gene (**p < 0.01) significantly decreased as compared to the pathological control. The results of western blotting also indicated that caffeic acid (1) has the potential to affect the expression of prothrombin fragment 1 at the protein level. The outcomes of this study could help to understand the possible molecular mechanism behind the antiurolithic effects of related natural products, and to investigate their therapeutic potential. A bioassay-guided isolation of secondary metabolites from these plants needs to be conducted in order to identify compounds responsible of the antiurolithic activity.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.