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چودھری محمدعلی رودولوی

چودھری محمد علی رودولوی
افسوس ہے کہ پچھلے دنوں اردوزبان کی دوبڑی شخصیتیں بھی ہم سے جدا ہوگئی۔ ایک چودھری محمد علی رودولوی اور دوسرے عبدالمجید سالک۔
چودھری صاحب اردو کے نامور ادیب،پختہ قلم اورکہنہ مشق انشاء پرداز تھے۔ایک زمانہ میں ان کی تحریریں بڑی دلچسپی اورشوق سے پڑھی جاتی تھیں۔ زبان دانی کے ساتھ ان کی تحریر کاسب سے بڑاکمال یہ تھاکہ رکیک سے رکیک بات یا خیال کو اس اندازسے لکھتے تھے کہ ذوقِ سلیم کوگھناونی معلوم نہیں ہوتی تھی۔’’اتالیق بی بی‘‘، ’’کشکول‘‘،’’فقیر محمدعلی شاہ‘‘ان کی مشہور تصنیفات ہیں۔ ان کے علاوہ متعدد افسانے اوردوچارکتابیں بھی ان کی یادگار ہیں۔ طبعاً بڑے ہنسوڑ، زندہ دل اور شگفتہ انسان تھے۔تعلقہ دارہونے کی وجہ سے زندگی بڑے عیش وآرام میں گزری۔ آخر عمر میں خوف خداکاان پر بڑاغلبہ ہوگیا تھا، نماز توخیر پابندی سے پڑھنے ہی لگے تھے اورحج بھی کرآئے تھے مگر آخرت کے ڈر سے بے چین رہتے تھے۔ اگرچہ خاندانی طورپر امامیہ فرقہ سے تعلق رکھتے تھے لیکن تعصب ان میں نام کوبھی نہ تھا۔ اہل سنت والجماعت مسلمانوں کے ساتھ نمازانھی کے طریقے پر پڑھتے تھے۔ اس سلسلہ میں’’میرامذہب‘‘کے نام سے انھوں نے ایک کتاب بھی لکھی تھی۔خاتمہ بھی ایسا ہی اچھا ہوا۔۱۰/ستمبر کوبروزپنج شنبہ درودپڑھتے اوراﷲ کے نام کا وردکرتے کرتے جان جان آفریں کے سپرد کردی۔
الھم اغفرلہ وارحمہ۔
[اکتوبر۱۹۵۹ء]

 

محدثين كے ہاں قراء ثلاثہ كا مقام و مرتبہ اور علم حديث ميں ان كى خدمات

Allah Himself has taken the responsibility to protect the Holy Quran and the Hadith of the Holy Prophet. He Himself has provided the sources of their protection. One of the means of the protection that was the creation of such a group of the Qura who not only served the Holy Quran but also provided worth mentioning services in Ahadith of the Holy Prophet. But their services are hidden from us. By Qura the researcher means those Qura whose recitation styles and narrations are studied and taught in the different quarters of the world who are known as Qura Saba & Ashra (سبعہ وعشرہ). They are ten imams each with two Ravi’s. They are thirty Qura in total. I have selected only last three Imam & their two narrators in this Article. These Qurra are known as Qurra Thlathah (قراء ثلاثہ).  The services of these imams have been highlighted in the light of the following eleven Ahadith books. Sihah:   Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sahih Ibn-e-Habban, Sahih Ibn-e-Khuzeema. Sunan: Sunan Abu Dawud, Sunan al-Tirmidhi, Sunan al-Nasai, Sunan Ibn Majah, and Sunan al-Kubra. Masaneed: Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Musnad Abu Ya`la al-Mawsili. How many people have reported them and what is the standard of the weakness and soundness of those narrators have also been discussed in this article. Besides these books of Ahadith, these Ahadith have been searched in other books of Ahadith also. The status of these Qura has been explained in the light of the commentary of Muhadithin. Whether Ahadith critics have declared them thiqa or weak or have declared them as average sadooq. The most important thing is that there is no one weak reporter in these imam qura. Two out of three imam qura are ranked as thiqa and one sadooq. And among the narrators of these qura one is thiqa, one sadooq, and nobody are weak reporters. There is silence about the remaining four reporters of these qura. The reason is that there is no hadith reported from them. Because of all this their religious and scholarly authenticity could be determined. The narrations of these thalathah (ثلاثہ) Qura are confined to reporting the Holy Quran but they have also reported about every part of fiqh and they have been utilized and refered to  

Study of Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Strontium-Barium Hexaferrite Nanomaterials for Potential Technological Applications

In recent years, there has been intense search for materials which are ferri- magnetic and possess high values of electrical resistivity and magnetization together with low dielectric losses. Such materials are considered to have potential for useful applications in technology. Cationic doping in ferrites presents a promising technique for achieving such characteristics in ferrites. Here we report that doping hexagonal strontium-barium nanoferrites (Sr 0.5 Ba 0.5 Fe 12 O 19 ) with a binary mixture of RE-Ni (RE = La, Ce, Pr and Nd) can surprisingly modify the properties of hitherto undoped strontium-barium hexaferrite. Different series of nanosized strontium-barium hexaferrite of nominal composition of Sr 0.5 Ba 0.5-x RE x Fe 12-y N iy O 19 (x = 0.00-0.10; y = 0.00-1.00) are prepared by the chemical co-precipitation method. The formation of nanosized hexaferrites with single hexagonal phase and homogenous morphology is probed using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic analyses. The electrical properties are measured by the DC- electrical resistivity and the dielectric measurements. The magnetic susceptibility is measured by a magnetic susceptometer and the hysteresis loops are traced by the DC- magnetization measurements. The results obtained reveal that, by introducing a relatively small amount of RE-Ni (RE = La, Ce, Pr and Nd) ions, an important modification of the structural, electrical and magnetic properties can be obtained. Thermal analysis reveals magnetoplumbite phase begins to be formed at ~1000 K and is completed at 1323 K; a conclusion also complimented by XRD studies. XRD studies show that all the synthesized samples are composed of a single magnetoplumbite phase. The average crystallite sizes in differently doped samples are in the range of 18-48 nm. TEM analysis of the undoped strontium-barium hexaferrite shows that particles appear to have well-defined hexagonal geometry having an average particle size in the range of 30-40 nm, which is comparable to the size of 36 nm calculated by the Scherrer equation. The results of SEM analysis indicate the appearance of homogenous surface of the synthesized sample with uniform particle sizes. Temperature dependence of electrical resistivity reflects the semi-conducting nature of the ferrites. The values of electrical resistivity and activation energy increase by substitution with different dopant contents of La-Ni, Ce-Ni and Pr-Ni up to a certain level but decrease by substitution with Nd-Ni. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent decrease by increasing applied field frequency. The values ofdrift mobility, dielectric constant and loss tangent decrease by increasing the La-Ni, Ce-Ni and Pr-Ni contents but they increase by increasing Nd-Ni content. Possible mechanisms for the above mentioned result are discussed in terms of conduction mechanism via electron-hopping between Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ ions and Maxwell-Wagner type of interfacial polarization. The value of Curie temperature decreases by the substitution of RE-Ni (La, Ce, Pr and Nd) ions, which has been explained in terms of the strength of exchange interactions. Doping with Ce-Ni, Pr-Ni and Nd-Ni, increases both the saturation magnetization and remanence in the ranges 66-102 emu/g and 43- 64 emu/g, respectively, but substitution with La-Ni ions results in their decrease. However, the value of coercivity decreases by increasing the content of La-Ni, Ce-Ni and Pr-Ni ions. The variations in the magnetic parameters shown by Mossbauer spectral analysis are explained on the basis of preferential site occupancy of the substituted cations. The compositional variation of hyperfine interaction parameters confirms the site occupancy of the doped cations in hexaferrite materials. The value of isomer shift for 2b, 12k and 4f 2 sites decreases by increasing the content of RE-Ni (RE = La, Ce, Pr and Nd) ions. The value of quadrupole splitting for 2b site in the undoped strontium-barium hexaferrite decreases by the substitution of rare-earth ions and it slightly increases for the 4f 2 site. The variation of hyperfine magnetic field with dopant content of RE-Ni ions is akin to the compositional variation of saturation magnetization of RE-Ni doped strontium-barium hexaferrites. The results of the study have shown potential for application of these materials in the area of magnetic recording, permanent magnetic materials and surface mount devices for fabricating multilayer chip inductors. The Nd-Ni doped strontium-barium hexaferrites may be more useful as permanent magnets, owing to high values of magnetization and coercivity. High electrical resistivity and low dielectric losses are the characteristics required to reduce the eddy current losses.
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