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پروفیسرخواجہ حمیدالدین شاہدؔ

پروفیسر خواجہ حمید الدین شاہد
پروفیسر خواجہ حمید الدین شاہد نے ۲۲؍ اکتوبر ۲۰۰۱؁ء کو ۵ بجے شام کراچی میں وفات پائی، وہ اردو کے مشہور ادیب، محقق، صحافی اور شاعر تھے، پاکستان جانے سے پہلے وہ ’’ادارۂ ادبیات اردو‘‘ حیدرآباد کے تمام کاموں میں پیش پیش اور ادارے کے روح رواں ڈاکٹر سیدمحی الدین قادری کے دست راست رہے، عرصے تک ماہ نامہ ’’سب رس‘‘ کے مدیر بھی رہے۔
مرحوم نے عثمانیہ یونیورسٹی کے مختلف کالجوں میں اردو کے استاد کی حیثیت سے بھی نمایاں خدمات انجام دیں، اردو میں انہوں نے جو تصانیف یادگار چھوڑی ہیں ان میں ’’ارمغان امجد‘‘، ’’مثنوی تصویر جاناں‘‘ مصنفہ لچھمی نرائن شفیق ’’اردو میں سائنسی ادب‘‘، ’’رسالہ محمود خوش وہاں‘‘ اور ’’حیدرآباد کے شاعر‘‘ قابل ذکر ہیں۔ ۱۹۴۰؁ء میں ادارۂ ادبیات اردو کی دس سالہ سرگرمیوں کی مبسوط تاریخ ’’سرگذشت ادارہ‘‘ کے نام سے مرتب کی تھی جو وہاں سے شائع ہوچکی ہے، اس کے علاوہ رسالوں میں ادبی و تحقیقی مضامین بھی لکھتے رہے، شاعر بھی تھے لیکن کوئی مجموعہ شائع نہیں ہوا۔
پاکستان منتقل ہونے کے بعد بھی حیدرآباد اور ادارۂ ادبیات اردو ان کے دل و دماغ پر چھایا رہتا تھا۔ اپنے مکان کا نام ’’ایوان اردو‘‘ رکھا اور کراچی سے ماہنامہ ’’سب رس‘‘ جاری کیا اور اس کا ’’زور نمبر‘‘ کا اور حیدرآباد کی طرح کراچی میں بھی وہ اردو کی خدمت اور فروغ کے لیے سرگرم عمل رہے، بہادر یار جنگ اکیڈمی سے بھی تعلق تھا۔ اﷲتعالیٰ اردو زبان و ادب کے اس مخلص خادم کی مغفرت فرمائے اور ان کے اعزہ و اقربا کو صبر جمیل کی توفیق بخشے۔ (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، جنوری ۲۰۰۲ء)

احکام القرآن میں اسلوب تفسیر اور امام جصاص پر نقد: تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Imam Abu bakar al-jassas is famous jurist of Hanafi school of thought. He wrote a great interpretation of Quran named Ahkam ul Quran. He has written more than fifteen books. In his interpretation of Quran, he doesn’t interpret all Qur’anic verses, as is done by other commentators. He just explains the verses, which have directly a connection with fiq'h ul Ahkam. Al-jassas usually expresses his teachers as al-sarkhasi and other Hanafi's preferred opinion, and always gives systematic reasons for his preference. In the beginning of this article the methodology and characteristics of this interpretation are described in detail. There are many features in Ahkam ul quran that we have expressed i.e. Ahkam ul Quran is based on conventional narration, authentic quotations from the Islamic scholars and lingual and grammatical discussion with a critical explanation of Qur’anic words from lexical to technical and connection on the basis of grammatical and syntax regulations and illustration of differences between synonyms. He had been blamed by some traditionalists that he interprets some verses in wrong perspective and he discussed many irrelevant points in this. This article is an analytical study about these allegations. The result of this study is that kind of attitude towards his book is quite wrong by nature because imam Al-jassas describes his opinion in the light of his school of thought. Although, he got an Aggressive Behavior towards some famous Personalities of Islam, which is Inappropriate. In the end of study, the paper concludes that nobody can deny the importance of his interpretation at all. 

Error Analysis with Special Reference to Writing Skills at Degree Level in Pakistan

In this modern age one needs the ability to communicate well. This communication can be oral or written. Written communication is comparatively more permanent and hence the chances of errors being recorded increase. For an overall mastery of language all the four skills are important but for Pakistani students, and especially for the students of degree level, writing skill is more important as the students’ linguistic competence in the examination is assessed through writing only. Our examinations are writing oriented and although more time and attention is paid to writing skills yet even after so much coaching and care the performance of our students remain very poor. Students keep committing grave errors in large number and remain unable to write even a few sentences in grammatically correct English. Many students at B.A. level fail simply because of the subject of English and many leave their education for good because of repeated failure in this subject. Therefore, the researcher felt a dire need to see into the nature, causes and frequency of errors in written English at degree level with a view to making suggestion to minimize these errors and hence help the teachers as well as students to improve the situation. The aim of the research was to highlight the weak areas of the students while writing English as well as to determine the attitude of the students and the teachers towards written errors. Error free written English is the ideal in the mind of the researcher which he wants to achieve for the students at degree level; after all the students have been studying English for the last fourteen years, a pretty lengthy period indeed. The researcher studied the trend of setting papers and analyzed the errors of the students at sentence level and also in the context. To authenticate the data, interviews of the teachers were conducted for qualitative data and analysis. In the end, on the basis of the findings conclusion is drawn and suggestions are given for the reduction, if not total eradication of errors. These suggestions will not only help the teachers in designing remedial programme but also the students in improving their written English.
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