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پیر سید حسام الدین راشدی

پیرسید حسام الدین راشدی
افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ ماہ اپریل میں ہمارے دوعزیز و محترم دوست اور برصغیر کے نامور محقق اورعالم پیر حسام الدین راشدی اورمولانا محمد جعفر شاہ پھلواروی رحلت فرما گئے۔ اناﷲ واناالیہ راجعون۔ اوّل الذکر کاانتقال لندن میں ہوا جہاں وہ کینسر کاآپریشن اورساتھ ہی دل کی بیماری کاعلاج کرانے کی غرض سے مقیم تھے اور تدفین سندھ کے ان کے اپنے آبائی وطن کے قبرستان میں ہوئی اور موخرالذکر کاانتقال کراچی میں ہوا اوریہیں تدفین بھی ہوئی۔
پیر صاحب لاڑکانہ کے بہمن نامی ایک قصبہ میں۲۰ستمبر۱۹۱۱ء کوسندھ کے نامی گرامی خاندان راشدیہ میں پیداہوئے، علمی ذوق موروثی تھا، دولت وثروت میں بھی یہ خاندان ممتاز تھا۔ذہانت اورطباعی کاجوہر خداداد رکھتے تھے اس لیے از خود تعلیم کی طرف راغب ہوئے اورفارسی اردو اورسندھی زبان وادب کے نامور ادیب،محقق اورمصنف بنے، عربی اورانگریزی سے بھی واقف تھے۔ ذاتی کتب خانہ جو اباً عن جداٍ تک پہنچتا تھا مطبوعات کی کثرت کے ساتھ نوادرمخطوطات پرمشتمل پہلے سے تھا ہی، مرحوم نے اپنی ذاتی کاوش اورتلاش وجستجو سے اس پر جونہایت وقیع اضافہ کیا اس کی وجہ سے آج تک یہ کتاب خانہ کراچی کے کتب خانوں میں ایک خاص مرتبہ ومقام رکھتا ہے۔ پیرصاحب عمر بھر مجرد رہے، ان کا شب و روز کا مشغلہ مطالعہ،تحقیق وتصنیف اوراحباب سے ملاقات کے سوا کچھ اور نہ تھا۔ ان کے علمی اورتحقیقی کارناموں پرانشاء اﷲ برہان میں عنقریب ایک مقالہ شائع ہوگا ان سطور سے مقصد صرف رسم تعزیت اداکرناہے۔
کراچی اربابِ علم وادب اوراصحاب دانش وہنر کی کثرت کے باعث آج کل برصغیر کاقرطبہ وبغداد بنا ہواہے لیکن ایک پیرسید حسام الدین راشدی اور دوسرے مشفق خواجہ، اس مجمع علم وفضل میں دونوں کامرتبہ ووقار ایسا ہی ہے جیسا کہ کسی ایک بزرگ خاندان کاہوتاہے۔ مشفق خواجہ اوران کے خاندان سے راقم الحروف کاتعلق بہت...

تفسیر نجوم الفرقان کے فقہی طرز استدلال کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

The jurisprudence is the essence of Islamic teachings. It is the summary of Qurʼān and the soul of Messenger’s (on whom be peace and greetings) sunnah. In general, it represents the sharīaʻh and the path to follow for Islamic lifestyle. Therefore, the significance of its importance is clear in Islamic Studies. The scholars have been kept solving ummah problems through religious principles and will keep solving the problems till the day of judgement. Whenever there arises a new problem, the scholars provide the solution in the lights of Qurʼān and Hadith and set the rules till the day of judgement. Allama ʻAbdul Razzāq Bhutrālwī also presented the solutions to different problem using the same principle i.e. He interprets a Quranic verse in such a way that provide the implied solution for paying ransom to poor against fasting for traveler and patient. Allama ʻAbdul Razzāq Bhutrālwī discussed about the permission for women to visit graveyard by following the orders of Prophet (on whom be peace and greetings), when it was prohibited for everyone to go to graveyards but later on the permission was granted for the same act. In the same way Allama ʻAbdul Razzāq Bhutrālwī presented his argument about the burning or sinking into the water or burying the shabby pages the Holy Qurʼān based on an order of Hazrat Uthman Ghani to burn all the copies of the Holy Qurʼān except Qurat-e-Quraish to bring uniformity

Exogenous Application of Calcium and Potassium to Alleviate the Adverse Biochemical Effects of Drought Stress in Brassica Napus L. Seedlings

Sustainable food production in the changing global environment is a major challenge to the world community. Depleting water resources, shrinking arable land and population explosion are further worsening the situation. The agricultural extension is under threat mainly due to the environmental stresses like drought, salinity, changing rainfall pattern and warmer temperature due to enhanced atmospheric carbon dioxide. The adverse effects of drought stress may be alleviated by mineral nutrition of crops. In this experiment, Brassica napus L. seedlings were subjected to 10 days period of drought stress (Relative Water Content: 58.98 %), one week after supplementation with 30, 60 and 90 mM solutions of Ca(NO 3 ) 2 .4H 2 O; 50, 100 and 150 mM solutions of KNO 3 and 30, 50 and 100 mM solutions of NH 4 NO 3 in three doses at alternate days. Certain physiological parameters like relative water content, rate of water loss from excised leaves and membrane leakage were used to quantify and estimate the intensity of drought stress. Samples were analyzed in triplicate and standard deviation was calculated. Imposition of drought stress was found to affect the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Brassica napus L. seedlings. Supplementation of the given minerals (Ca 2+ , K + and N) induced certain physiological and biochemical modifications in Brassica napus L. seedlings under irrigated and/or drought stress conditions. It was found that drought stress increased the rate of water loss and hence decreased the relative water content. Exogenous application of Ca 2+ and K + improved the water status of the seedlings by correcting these parameters, however, exogenous N showed a negative impact. The stressed seedlings suffered from damage as shown by higher level of membrane leakage (44.38 ± 3.07 %) and hydrogen peroxide accumulation (26.30 ± 3.21 μmol/g fresh weight). These effects of drought were however, mitigated in the seedlings subjected to exogenous supplementation of Ca 2+ and K + . An important compatible osmolyte, proline was produced in greater quantity (9.15 ± 0.74 μmol/g fresh weight) in stressed seedlings as compared to the control (02.00 ± 0.18 μmol/g fresh weight). In the stressed seedlings treated with all the given supplements, greater proline contents were observed, with the larger linear effect of Ca 2+ . The greatest proline content (23.93 ± 0.98 μmol/g fresh weight) was noted for the stressed seedlings supplemented with 90 mM Ca(NO 3 ) 2 .4H 2 O. Under irrigated conditions, the viii seedlings treated with all the given supplements gave almost similar proline concentration as that of the corresponding control seedlings. Activities of catalases (EC: 1.11.1.6) and ascorbate peroxidases (EC: 1.11.1.11) were about 45.00 and 82.2 % higher in stressed seedlings than the control, both of which were further increased with the increasing supplementations of Ca 2+ and K + under stressed conditions. The seedlings showed about 47.75 and 41.58 % loss in fresh and dry weight respectively, under stress condition relative to the control and irrigated plants. It was found that exogenous Ca 2+ and K + decreased the fresh weight of the irrigated seedlings and slightly increased the fresh weight of the stressed seedlings with the significant increase at 90 mM Ca 2+ (23.26 % increase) and 150 mM K + (KNO 3 ) (24.67 % increase) relative to the respective control seedlings. Under both conditions, the dry weights of plants increased with increasing concentration of exogenous Ca 2+ and K + . The total chlorophyll content exhibited about 41.92 % loss due to drought stress, which was protected to some extent by the exogenously supplied Ca 2+ and K + in stressed seedlings. However, in no case, the total chlorophyll content reached the control level in stressed seedlings. Under irrigation condition, the seedlings at all treatments showed almost similar chlorophyll content. Protein content was found to decrease by about 28.38 % due to the imposition of stress period, which was substantially increased after supplementations with all minerals (Ca 2+ , K + and N). The mineral composition of Brassica napus L. seedlings was affected under drought stress as well as under exogenously provided supplements. The Ca, K, N, C, S, P, Mg, Fe and Na contents were decreased by about 3.45, 58.82, 28.40, 4.11, 21.64, 26.90, 1.61, 52.56 and 30.13 % respectively under drought stress. Supplementations differently affected these mineral elements. Supplemental Ca 2+ and K + increased the shoot-Ca, K, N, C, S and P contents under irrigated and drought stress conditions. Drought stress affected the fatty acid contents. The palmitic acid, stearic acid and linoleic acid contents were decreased by about 6.26, 2.25 and 24.00 % respectively, whereas, the oleic acid and linolenic acid contents were increased by 99.66 and 4.74 % respectively. Exogenous supplements variously affected the fatty acid composition. Under irrigated condition, increasing supplemental Ca 2+ concentration increased the stearic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid contents and decreased the oleic acid content. Under drought stress condition, supplemental Ca 2+ was found to increase the ix palmitic acid, stearic acid and linoleic acid contents. The fatty acid composition was affected by K + -supplementation. The concentrations of palmitic acid, stearic acid and linoleic acid were increased under both irrigated as well as drought stress conditions, whereas, the oleic acid content was increased only under irrigated condition. Drought stress also affected the free amino acids composition. The free amino acids like aspartic acid, threonine, serine, proline, valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine, lysine, arginine and the total amino acids were increased by about 31.38, 19.47, 88.96, 507.09, 57.14, 34.09, 35.62, 6.04, 104.76, 4.42, 64.34, 2.68 and 57.68 % respectively, while, the glutamine, glycine, alanine and methionine were decreased by about 26.89, 21.18, 13.08 and 9.63 % respectively. Exogenous Ca 2+ mostly increased the concentration of aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamine, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine and total amino acids under both irrigated as well as drought stress conditions. It was revealed that supplemental K + mostly increased the contents of aspartic acid, threonine, glutamine, proline, glycine, isoleucine, histidine, lysine, arginine and total amino acids under both irrigated as well as drought stress conditions.
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