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شہیدعلی محمد ہنگورو

شہید ابن شہید علی محمد ہنگورو

لیاری کی تنگ و تاریک گلیوں میں جنم لینے والا علی محمد ہنگورو بالمعروف ’’علی ہنگورو ‘‘نسل در نسل باوقار جد وجہد سے جام شہادت تک ثابت قدم ،شہید علی ہنگورو کے والد شہید یعقوب ایک مزدور لیڈر تھے ۔

وہ مچھی میانی میں مزدور کاز کا دفاع کرتے ہوئے اپنی جان کی بازی ہار گئے ۔باپ کی شہادت نے کم سن علی ہنگورو پر گہرے نقش چھوڑے غربت پروری اور وفاداری والد سے حصے میں ملی

شہید علی محمد ہنگورو کی زندگی مزدوری سے سندھ اسمبلی نشست تک ان تھک جدو جہد سے پُر ہے اپنی جد وجہد کا آغاز پیپلز اسٹوڈنٹس فیڈریشن اور بعد ازاں سندھ پیپلز یوتھ سے کیا ،وہ جد وجہد پر یقین رکھتا تھا ۔

اپنی اسی روشن خیالی کی بدولت سازشوں ،بہروپیوں اور بھٹو دشمن عناصر قوتوں کو کھٹکتا تھا ،اس نے اپنے وقت کے آمر جام صادق کو للکارا اور اسمبلی کے فلور پر نعرہ حق بلند کیا ۔

یا الہی کسی کم ظرف کو طاقت نہ ملے

کسی ظالم کو زمانے کی قیادت نہ ملے

فکر منفی کو کبھی علم و فراست نہ ملے

اور جب سازشیں حد سے بڑھیں زرداروں کا عمل دخل اور غریب ورکروں کے ساتھ زیادتیاں بڑھنے لگیں علی سید مظفر حسین شاہ کے دور میں آزاد سیٹ پر بیٹھ کر اپنی جدوجہد جاری رکھی ۔

1993ء میں جب میر مرتضی بھٹو کے وطن واپسی پر اعلان کے ساتھ علی شہید نے شہید بھٹو کمیٹی بنا کر میر مرتضی بھٹو کا استقبال کیا پھر نہ رات دیکھی نہ دن لیاری کا یہ کمانڈر استقبال تیاریوں میں مصروف ہو گیا وہ تاریخ...

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards Menstrual Hygiene among Government and Private School Girls KAP towards menstrual hygiene in school girls

Menstruation is a normal physiological process unique to females. Pre-menarche is characterized by physiological, cognitive, and psychological transitions which may be initiated from the midst of their second decade. The onset of puberty/ menstruation in girls tends to change their role in society. Overall inadequate awareness levels accompanied by socio-cultural taboos and prevailing myths and misconceptions about menarche and menstruation have played havoc on human society. Objective: To diagnose and compare the prevailing level ofknowledge, attitude, and practices of adolescent girls studying in government and private schoolstowards menstrual hygiene and management. Methods: This Analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted at Government Jouhar Girls High School and Shiblee Grammar School System, Gulberg Branch (private) Faisalabad. A self-administered survey-based questionnaire was developed. Prior formal written approval from school authorities was followed by the pre-planned scheduled visits, explaining the purpose of the study, assuring confidentiality of acquired information, and self-administration of survey-based questionnaires. Results: The results indicated that the mean age at menarches of the girls was 13.69±0.95 years. A relatively more percentage of government (59.6%) school respondents followed by private school respondents (57.1%) had satisfactory knowledge about their age of first menarche (p = 0.806). Motivated by the socio-cultural taboos and /or fear or shame a majority of government (59.6%) and private school respondents (57.1%) had satisfactory knowledge about their age of first menarche (p = 0.806). A strong prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) was found in private school girls 87(49.2%) and 21(11.9%), followed by respective percentages of 78(43.8%), 16(9.0%) amongst the government school respondents who recorded their responses as agreed and strongly agreed about the development of reproductive tract infection in the post-menstruation period. As far as the adoption of hygienic practices is concerned a relatively high percentage of government school 28(15.7%) followed by private school 14(7.9%) girls strongly disagreed about changing their absorbent material on daily basis. The development of skin abrasions like rashes, itching, and urinary tract infection was found in a relatively high proportion amongst the government school girls 30(16.9%) followed by private school respondents 18(10.2%) in the post-menstruation period. A most common and alarming unhygienic practice prevalent amongst the government and private school girls was the reuse of absorbent cloth,   who responded as agreed and strongly agreed in respective terms as 43(24.2%),   22(12.4%), and 69(39%) and 28(15.8%).  Conclusions: The study concluded that the persistent myths, misconceptions, socio-cultural taboos, and unhygienic practices i.e. Use of old clothes as absorbent, reuse of absorbent material, and delaying tendency of changing absorbent,   amongst the adolescent school girls of government and private institutes which may pose direct adverse health and life quality concerns for the female Pakistani community. The current situation calls for active participatory contributions from education communities to initiate various communication and awareness campaigns regarding pre-menarche knowledge and menstruation management which may aid to strengthen and transform their role as a significant representative of society. 

Spatio – Temporal Data Mining Framework for Natural Resource Exploration

Technology has allowed for a substantial increase in success rate of identifying the presence of energy sources such as oil and natural gas. Data mining, an emerging technology characterized by significantly advanced analytical tools, can contribute to this success rate as it has the potential to guide or at least assist opportunists in hydrocarbon prediction. To make a prediction about presence of hydrocarbon reserve beneath the surface of earth involves geological, geochemical, seismic and microbial prospecting. The test methods involved in the mentioned process need a great deal of cost and time. This project is aimed at developing decision support system to improve the process of hydrocarbon need evaluation and reserve detection by integrating the methods and tools from data mining and potential surface analysis to approach the problem from an interdisciplinary stance. In the thesis, the world countries are classified with respect to sustainable energy development with the underlying assumption that hydrocarbon is the major source of energy all over the world. The addressed question is whether the hydrocarbon reserves in the world comply with its consumption? As a result, two possibilities arose to ensure energy sustainability: (1). To provide an optimal framework for improvement in hydrocarbon exploration process. (2). To provide a framework for improvement in hydrocarbon consumption. The study is about the aforementioned. The presence of hydrocarbon reserves beneath earth‘s surface is predicted on the basis of either (a). Surface indicators or (b). Beneath surface parameters. The surface indicators which are considered in this project may consist of geological and microbial indicators. In state of the art geological and microbial methodologies, the cost and time involved is in affordable. The research attempts to replace geological predictions with intelligent remote sensing and microbial indications with microbe data mining. But the existing techniques of data mining cannot produce desired accuracy if applied to surface indicators database. Some data mining techniques for mining temporal spatial and non spatial data related to surface indicators of hydrocarbon reserves are proposed. The model includes the classification mechanism of world countries on the basis of sustainable hydrocarbon development and then extraction of useful patterns from surface indicators to predict hydrocarbon reserve in a time and cost effective manner. A series of empirical investigations have been made to evaluate the performance of proposed techniques using different and diverse databases that show the effectiveness of methodology.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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