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مشتاق احمد انبیٹھوی

مشتاق احمد انبیٹھوی
اس موقع پرہمیں اپنی جماعت کے ایک اوربزرگ عالم مولانا مشتاق احمد صاحب انبیٹھویکی وفات حسرت آیات کابھی ماتم کرناہے، مولانا مرحوم ایک درویش گوشہ نشین اورعالم خلوت پسند تھے۔ انبیٹھ ضلع سہارنپور وطن تھا۔ وہاں کے مشہور خاندان شیوخ سے تعلق رکھتے تھے۔ درس نظامی کی تعلیم دہلی اور سہارنپور میں پائی تھی۔ آخر میں حدیث کادرس مولانا احمد علی صاحب محدث سہارنپوری سے لیا۔مطالعۂ کتب اور تصنیف وتالیف کاخاصا ذوق تھا۔ خود اپنا بڑا کتب خانہ رکھتے تھے۔مرحوم کی تصنیفات کی تعداد اکیاسی (۸۱)ہے۔اس فہرست میں ان کی مطبوعہ اورغیر مطبوعہ سب کتابیں اوررسالے شامل ہیں۔یہ تصنیفات اکثروبیشتر مذہبی مسائل،تاریخ و تذکرہ اورتصوف ومعرفت سے متعلق ہیں اورعربی، فارسی اور اردو تینوں زبانوں میں ہیں۔علم ظاہر کے ساتھ صاحب باطن اور صاحب سلوک و طریقت بھی تھے۔ معاشی اعتبار سے مرفہ الحال ہونے کے باوجود ورع واحتیاط ان کی زندگی کا طغراء امتیاز تھا۔کیسے ہی سخت بیمار ہوں جب تک انگریزی دواکے متعلق ان کو الکحل سے بالکل پاک وصاف ہونے کا یقین نہیں ہوتاتھا نہیں پیتے تھے۔پبلک زندگی سے ان کونفرت تھی۔ ایک گوشۂ تنہائی میں بیٹھے ہوئے تصنیف وتالیف،مطالعۂ کتب، ارشاد و ہدایت باطنی اور افتاء کی خدمت انجام دیتے رہتے تھے۔آج کل پرانی وضع قطع کے پابند جو بزرگ نظرآتے ہیں ان کو غنیمت جانناچاہیے۔کچھ عرصے بعدآنکھیں اس وضع کو دیکھنے کے لیے ترسا ہی کریں گی۔ افسوس کہ آں مرحوم نے ۱۴/فروری ۱۹۴۲ء کو شام کے چاربجے ۹۴ سال کی عمر میں وفات پائی۔حق تعالیٰ مرحوم کوغریق بحرِ رحمت کرے اور مراتب اخروی بڑھائے۔آمین [اپریل۱۹۴۲ء]

Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Employee Performance Through Work Stress at the Regional Office of the East Java I Directorate General of Customs

This study aims to analyze the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Employee Performance through Work Stress at the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise, East Java I. This research method is an explanatory research, the analysis unit in this study is employees who work in the Directorate General of Customs and Excise Office. East Java I region, which consists of 80 structural officials, 79 functional officials and 1323 executive staff. The method of collecting research data using a questionnaire. The results showed that organizational culture affects the work stress of employees at the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise, East Java I, this shows that organizational culture is able to increase the work stress of employees of the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise, East Java. Organizational culture influences the performance of the employees of the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise, East Java I, this shows that with a good and appropriate organizational culture, it is able to increase the performance of the employees of the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise, East Java I. New organizational culture that also improves Employee stress, namely the imposition of input into daily work activity reports by employees in the daily logbook through an internet-based application with details on the types of activities, time norms, achievement targets and employee daily problems for all levels of employees, both structural, functional and executive.

Magnetic Nanoparticles for Self-Controlled Hyperthermia Applications

In this thesis different magnetic nanoparticle systems have been investigated with the objective of finding materials most suited to self-controlled hyperthermia applications. This requires materials with Curie temperature close to the therapeutic limit of 42 - 47 °C together with large heat dissipation in RF magnetic fields. These two objectives are usually difficult to achieve in a given system. Therefore three different approaches have been used to address the problem; these include tuning exchange interactions, modifying magnetic anisotropy and reducing dipolar interactions between magnetic nanoparticles. Different nanoparticle systems viz. La1-xSrxMnO3 and mixed phase composites based on SrFe12O19 and MgFe2O4 and ZrO2 have been investigated in this context. In case of the strontium doped lanthanum manganite La1-xSrxMnO3 nanoparticle system, the exchange interactions and thereby the magnetic properties have been tuned by varying the Sr content x in the range 0.15 - 0.45. It was found that both magnetic and thermomagnetic behaviors are governed by the strontium content x. The saturation magnetization, coercivity and SAR vary non-monotonically with x. The measured SAR was found to be in close agreement with theoretically determined values obtained using the linear response theory (LRT). In the second approach using this system, the effect of particle size on magnetic anisotropy of La1-xSrxMnO3 with x lying in the range of 0.20 ≤ x ≤ 0.45 has been investigated. Magnetic properties such as saturation magnetization and Curie temperature were found to increase with the increase in particle size for each concentration. The measured SAR is maximum for particles lying in the range 25 – 30 nm for all values of x. Good agreement was found between the experimental and theoretically determined values of the SAR for samples lying in the single domain regime and having the largest anisotropy energies. It was therefore concluded that the effective anisotropy is the key parameter determining the SAR of in La1-xSrxMnO3 nanoparticles. Also, the LRT can be successfully used to calculate the SAR of these nanoparticles, provided they possess large enough effective anisotropies. Mixed phase composites based on magnetically hard SrFe12O19 and soft MgFe2O4 have been investigated by varying the weight percentage of the constituent phases whereby ZrO2 was used as a non-magnetic component. Room temperature magnetization measurements of the samples show significant variation in saturation magnetization, coercivity and remanence depending on the amount of the highly anisotropic Sr-hexaferrite phase. The composite samples show significant magnetothermia effect as opposed to pure SrFe12O19 in which no heating could be observed. This is due to the remarkable softening in the magnetic behaviour of pure SrFe12O19 upon addition of small amounts of the soft-magnetic MgFe2O4 and the non- magnetic ZrO2, making these composites suitable for magnetic hyperthermia. The effect of reducing dipolar interactions on the SAR was investigated in MgFe2O4 and ZrO2 composite nanoparticles with different weight percentages of ZrO2. The objective of introducing ZrO2, a biocompatible ceramic, was to prevent MgFe2O4 nanoparticles from aggregation and to reduce interparticle magnetic dipolar interactions in order to enhance the specific absorption rate (SAR). The blocking temperature and coercivity were significantly reduced in the composite samples by increasing the content of ZrO2 phase, indicating a decrease in interparticle interactions. This is an important finding from the point of view of biomedical applications, because ZrO2 in known to have low toxicity and high biocompatibility in comparison to that of ferrites. The reduced dipolar interactions were found to play a pivotal role in enhancing hyperthermia and we therefore, suggest the suitability of these composites as efficient mediators for magnetic hyperthermia.
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