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ام المومنین سیدہ ماریہ قبطیہؓ

ام المومنین سیدہ ماریہ قبطیہؓ
سیدہ ماریہ قبطیہ بنت شمعون کو بطور ہدیہ شاہ مقوقس نے آپؐ کی خدمت میں بھیجا تھا۔(تبیان القرآن جلد ۱۲ ص ۱۰۳) پر ہے’’ دو بہنیں ماریہ اور سیرین ‘ ایک ہزار مثقال سونا، بیس ملائم کپڑے، خچر(دلدل) ایک درازگوش گدھایفغور یا عفیر تھا اور اس کے ساتھ ایک خصی شخص جس کا نام ثابور تھا اور ایک بوڑھا شخص جو ماریہ کا بھائی تھا ۔اس نے مدینہ پہنچ کر اسلام قبول کر لیا تھا۔مقوقس مصر کے ہر قل (قیصر روم) کا نائب تھا۔ مقوقس اس کا لقب تھا۔مسلمان مورخین نے اس کا نام جریج بن سینا القبطی بتایا ہے۔ مقوقس نے تحائف بھیجے جن میں دو قبطی النسل کی معزز خواتین، ایک خلعت، سواری کے لیے گھوڑا( افرازہ نامی) ایک سفید خچر( دلدل) اور ایک گدھا یفغور یا عفیر شامل تھے۔(دائرۃ معارف الاسلام ج۲۱ص ۴۵۵) لیکن صاحب مدارج النبوہ ( مدارج النبوہ جلد دوم ص ۲۸۳) لکھتے ہیںکہ ان تحائف میں ایک نیزہ ،بیس قد کا لباس اور ہزار مثقال سونا، مزید لکھتے ہیں کہ حاطب بن بلتعہ کو سو مثقال سونا اور پانچ کپڑے بطور انعام کے دئیے‘‘۔ آپﷺ نے حضرت ماریہ کو حرم نبوی میں داخل فرمایا۔ان سے جناب ابراھیم پیدا ہوئے۔ساتویں روز ان کا عقیقہ کیا گیا۔سر منڈھا کر بالوں کے برابر چاندی تول کر صدقہ کی۔ دو مینڈھے ذبح کیے۔جناب ابراھیم ۱۷ یا ۱۸ ماہ کی عمر میں ہجرت کے دسویں سال انتقال کر گئے۔آپﷺ نے فرمایا: بخدا !! ابراھیم ہم تمھاری موت سے نہایت غمگین ہیں،آنکھ رو رہی ہے اور دل غم زدہ ہے مگر ہم ایسی کوئی بات زبان سے نہ کہیں گے جس سے ہمارا رب راضی نہ ہو‘‘ ۔
رسمِ باطل کا خاتمہ: جس روز آپ کا انتقال ہو ا، اتفاق سے سورج کو گہن لگا۔عرب سمجھتے تھے کہ سورج گرہن...

Assessment of Quality of Life in Chronic Renal Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis at Public Hospital, Lahore QoL in Hemodialysis patients

Quality of life of chronic renal disease patients is affected by several factors, depending on stage of disease, type of treatment and sociodemographic factors Objective: To assess the quality of life undergoing hemodialysis patients Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore during February to May-2019. Patients suffering from chronic renal disease were included in the study and uncooperative patients were excluded in the study. Total 100 samples of chronic renal disease patients were selected through non-probability convenient sampling technique. Patients were assessed through pre-tested questionnaire. SPSS version 21.0 was used for data analysis Results: According to results 39% patients reported that they were suffering from depression, 47% patients of chronic renal disease were unemployed, 28% patients were malnourished and 98% patients were having 3 or more dialysis sessions per week. Also only 26% patients thought that quality of life of older patients is better while 74% considered it poor. Only 77% patients thought that quality of life of middle aged patients is better while 23% patients considered that quality of life of middle aged patients was poor.42% patients thought that quality of life of young aged patients is better while 58%considered it poor Conclusions: Malnutrition, unemployment and hypertensionare the factors affecting the quality of life in patients undergoinghemodialysis in this study. The quality of life of middle aged patients was comparatively better.

Applications of Succinate Linked Polysaccharides in Macromolecular Prodrug Design and Metal Sorpton

Polysaccharides especially cellulose and pullulan are currently receiving much attention for industrial applications. Present study reports the synthesis, characterization and application of three succinate bonded polysaccharides, i.e., succinylated hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) and pullulan. For macromolecular prodrug design, hydroxypropylcellulose-succinic anhydride (HPC-SAn) conjugate was synthesized by applying homogeneous conditions and HPC–SAn conjugate so formed was further attached to salicylic acid (SA) drug through covalent linkage by using ZrOCl2.8H2O as a catalyst for esterification. The resulting HPC-SAn-SA conjugate was subjected to multiple crosslinking using oxalyl chloride as cross-linking agent. The resultant cross-linked prodrug (CL-HPC-SAn-SA conjugate) was characterized using different spectroscopic techniques. UV/Vis analysis of the HPC-SAn-SA conjugate has indicated that it contains 26 mg of SA per 100 mg of CL-HPC-SAn-SA. CL-HPC-SAn-SA showed reasonably good swelling properties in water and at different physiological pH values (6.8 and 7.4). Kinetic studies revealed that CL-HPC-SAnSA followed second order swelling kinetics. Additionally, the CL-HPC-SAn-SA conjugate showed stimuli responsive (pH 7.4/1.2) swelling-deswelling properties. It was found by thermal analysis that CL-HPC-SAn-SA was thermally more stable compared to pure SA. These crosslinked prodrugs obtained after multiple crosslinking of drugs with polysaccharides may find their applications in the field of medicines and pharmaceutics. The second part of the study deals with the use of succinylated polysaccharides for metal sorption. For this purpose, Pull-Suc and HEC-Suc were synthesized applying homogeneous reaction by the esterification of pullulan and HEC with succinic anhydride in the presence of dimethyl amino pyridine (DMAP) as a catalyst. These conjugates were then converted into their sodic forms, i.e., Pull-Suc-Na and HEC-Suc-Na by alkaline treatment using saturated NaHCO3 solution. These novel sorbents were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, solidstate CP/MAS 13C NMR and thermal analysis. The Pull-Suc-Na and HEC-Suc-Na were then used for heavy metal removal from aqueous solution. The pHs corresponding to zero point charge of both sorbents were determined. A model study for the removal of Cd(II) from distilled water (DW) and spiked high-hardness groundwater (GW) by these chemically modified pullulan and HEC was conducted. Effect of contact time (5-120 min) and pH (2-8) on Cd-uptake by sorbents (Pull-Suc-Na and HEC-Suc-Na) was investigated. Sorption data was subjected to different kinetic and isotherm models but pseudo second order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm model provided the best fit to the experimental data. Maximum sorption capacities calculated by Langmuir model were found to be 476.2 mg g-1 from DW and 454.5 mg g-1 from GW by Pull-Suc-Na and 669.0 mg g-1 from DW and 630.0 mg g-1 from GW by HEC-Suc-Na. Such high values for removal of Cd(II) from GW suggest selectivity of these sorbents for removal of Cd in the presence of alkaline earth metal cation naturally presence in GW. Both the sorbents showed negligible decrease in Cd-uptake over five regeneration cycles suggesting their repeated use. Afterwards, both sorbents Pull-Suc-Na and HEC-Suc-Na were used to sorb Pb(II), Cr(VI), Co(III), Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions from aqueous solution by batch wise methodologies. The effects of initial metal concentration, sorbent dosage, contact time, pH and temperature were investigated. The data at optimized conditions was subjected to isotherm analyses. Langmuir isotherm and pseudo second order kinetic model provided the best fit to the experimental data of sorption of metal ions. Maximum sorption capacities of Pb(II), Cr(VI), Co(III), Cu(II) and Ni(II) from aqueous solution as calculated by Langmuir isotherm model were found to be 1000, 909.1, 625.0, 588.0 and 500.0 mg g-1, respectively by HEC-Suc-Na and 714.3, 588.2, 416.6, 357.1 and 250.0 mg g-1, respectively by Pull-Suc-Na. The negative values of ∆G° and ∆H° indicated spontaneity and exothermic nature of sorption. In order to simulate the real conditions, i.e., to prepare mediums containing heavy metal ions altogether, competitive sorption of these metal ions by the both sorbents was carried out. Results of competitive sorption reveal that the sorption capacities of Pb(II), Cr(VI), Cd(II), Ni(II) Co(VI) and Cu(VI) are in the order Pb(II) ˃ Cr(VI) ˃ Cd(II) ˃ Ni(II) ˃ Co(II) ˃ Cu(VI) for both HEC-Suc-Na and Pull-Suc-Na.
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