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نواب رحمت اﷲ خاں شروانی

نواب رحمت اﷲ خاں شروانی مرحوم
۱۰؍ جنوری کی صبح علی گڑھ سے برادرم ڈاکٹر جمشید ندوی نے خبردی کہ نواب رحمت اﷲ خاں شروانی نے آخر شب قریب ساڑھے چار بجے داعی اجل کو لبیک کہا، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
خودنمائیوں کی جستجو میں مصروف اس دنیا کو کیسے بتایا جائے کہ جانے والا کون تھا؟ کبھی ہمارے صاحب دل شاعر نے بزم دہلی کا نوحہ کرتے ہوئے کہا تھا کہ:
؂ یادگار بزم دہلی ایک حالی رہ گیا
افسوس اب علی گڑھ کی بزم دوشیں کی یہ یادگار بھی اٹھ گئی جس نے علم نوازی اور علم پروری کی ان روایات کو مدۃالعمر زندہ و تابندہ رکھا جن کا ذکر اب شاید ماضی کی داستانوں میں ملتا ہے۔
نواب صاحب نے قریب بیاسی سال کی عمر پائی، ۱۶؍ فروری ۲۹ء میں پیدا ہوئے، بھیکم پور کی ریاست گومملکت نہ تھی تاہم ۳۶۵ قریوں اور قصبات کی ملکیت، نوابی کے تمام معروف مظاہر کے لیے کم بھی نہیں، لیکن شروانی خاندان نے حکومت و سطوت کی ظاہر علامتوں سے بیزاری پر اپنی قدروں کی استواری کو ترجیح دی، عمل داری رہی تو علم و حلم اور جود و سخاوت کی، رحمت اﷲ شروانی مرحوم کی تربیت اسی ماحول میں ہوئی، تعلیم کے لیے وہ مشہور دون اسکول ضرور گئے لیکن صحت کی ناسازی کی وجہ سے یہ تعلیم تکمیل کے مراحل تک نہ پہنچ سکی، البتہ علم پرور ماحول نے ان کو علم شناسی کی ایسی دولت دی جس سے وہ ہمیشہ پرثروت رہے اور دوسروں کو بھی تونگر بناتے رہے، مال و زر کی جگہ بہترین کتابوں سے ان کا خزانہ بیش قیمت ہوتا رہا اور یہ دوسروں پر بھی نچھاور ہوتا گیا۔ ان کے والد کے متعلق کہا جاتا ہے کہ وہ سرسید کی گود میں کھیل کر جواں ہوئے تھے، قدرتاً...

Use of Barcode Based Traditional Games in Improving Student Learning Outcomes in Learning Citizenship Education (Ppkn)

This study collaborates between traditional games and technology. The purpose of this study was to improve student learning outcomes in PPKN (Citizenship Education) learning through barcode-based traditional games tumbawa. This type of research is classroom action research. This research was conducted because based on preliminary observations, the results of students' daily tests in PPKn learning were still low, from 25 students, 25 students, only 12 people or 48% had good learning outcomes. The procedures used in this study consisted of planning, implementing, observing, reflecting. This research was conducted in two cycles of action. The data collection methods used were tests, observation, interviews, and documentation. In analyzing the data used a qualitative descriptive method assisted by the calculation of the percentage. The targeted research output is the national journal published in the internationally accredited journal 5. The level of technology readiness used is in the field of education (TKT 2). This research is expected to create a learning atmosphere and a learning process that attracts students' attention so that it provides better learning achievement than before.

Effects of Heat Treatment and Alloying Elements on Characteristics of Austempered Ductile Iron

The effect of three variables on ductile iron has been investigated in this study. The first variable was the effect of austempering time on ductile iron. The second variable was the effect of austenitizing temperature and the third major variable was the effect of alloying additions on ductile iron. The alloying elements selected for this purpose were copper, nickel, a combination of copper and nickel and lanthanum. The initial study was conducted on unalloyed ductile iron castings. The effect of austempering time was examined by varying austempering time in the range of 30 minutes to 90 minutes, while keeping austenitization temperature and austempering temperature constant. It was found that with the increase of austempering time, the tensile strength increased significantly. However, at 90 minutes the tensile strength decreased. The optimum temperature was found to be 60 minutes. The second variable was the effect of austenitization temperature on ductile iron. Based on the result of the first experiment, the austempering was carried out for 90 minutes. The austempering temperatures were kept at 270 oC and 370 oC. The austenitization temperature was varied from 850 oC to 925 oC. The study revealed that tensile strength increased at 900 oC but it decreased at 925oC. The third major variable involving the effect of alloying additions on ductile iron, was studied by adding copper with three different values i.e. 0.5 wt. %, 1.0 wt. % and 1.5 wt. %. The fourth melt was without the addition of copper. It was found that with the increase of copper the tensile strength continued to increase up to 1.5 wt. %. The second alloying addition was nickel. One melt was made without nickel while the remaining three melts were made with the addition of 1.0 wt. %, 2.0 wt. % and 3.0% x nickel. The tensile strength increased correspondingly with the increase in the addition of nickel to 3.0 wt. %. The effect of a combination of copper and nickel on ductile iron was also examined. The effect of the last alloying element which was studied was lanthanum. Four melts were made for this study. The first melt was without the addition of lanthanum while the remaining three had 0.006 wt.%, 0.02 wt.% and 0.03 wt.% lanthanum. The results indicated that the tensile strength increased with the increase of lanthanum content with and without austempering. Furthermore, the highest nodule count was obtained with 0.03 wt.% lanthanum while the nodularity remained almost unchanged. Thus, it was observed that the addition of alloying elements results in an increase of tensile strength. The optimum austempering time was 90 minutes and the optimum austenitizing temperature was found to be 900 oC.
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