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پسماندگی کے مظاہر

پس ماندگی کے مظاہر

                ’’کماری والا‘‘میں مصنف نے دیہی علاقے سے کہانی کا آغاز کیا۔وہاں کا ماحول ، ثقافت ،سادگی اور غربت و افلاس کی زندگی گزارتے ہوئے لوگوں کی مجبوریاں بیان کی ہیں لیکن یہ ناول کب ان باتوں سے ان پیچیدہ حالات کی طرف رخ کر لیتا ہے جہاں زندگی خودہی مجبوری لگنے لگتی ہے۔ملکی حالات ہوں ،دیہاتی زندگی ہو،شوبز نس کی چمکتی دنیا ہو ،سیاسی ایجنڈا ہو یا پھر مذہبی تکرارناطق نے ہر ایک کو اپنا موضوع بنایا اور ناول کے ذریعے معاشرے کے سامنے معاشرے ہی کی پس ماندگیوں کو عیاں کیا یقینا اس کے پاس الفاظ کا ذخیرہ ہے، انھیں تخیل پرعبور حاصل ہے۔وہ اپنے قلم کی طاقت سے حقیقت کے قریب کہانیاں لکھتے ہیں۔ان کی سوچ میں جیسے قاری کا نقشہ ابھرتا ہے اور معاشرے کا عمیق اور غائر مطالعہ کرنے کے بعد وہ بالکل قاری کو محسوس کرتے ہوئے لکھتے ہیں کہ انسان بعض اوقات ایک وقت میں کئی زندگیاں گزار رہا ہوتا ہے۔ایک پہ بہر حال وہ پردہ رکھتا ہیاور اس پردیکے پیچھے چھپی زندگی ہی آہستہ آہستہ اس پر زندگی کا گھیرا تنگ کر دیتی ہے۔

                اس نے کرداروں کی ایک ایسی بستی بسا رکھی ہیجو محسوس ہوتا ہے کہ مکالمے یا منظر نگاری کی وجہ سے نہیں بلکہ کرداروں کی وجہ سے کہانی پروان چڑھ رہی ہے۔وہ معاشرے میں رہتا ہوا ایک عام سا انسان ہوتا ہے اور اپنی زندگی کے تجربا ت کو بیان کرتا چلا جاتاہے۔وہ اردو ادب میں ایک بہت ہی اعلیٰ اضافہ ہیں اس ناول نے انھیں اردو ادب کے ادیبوں میں شمار کردیا ہے۔کماری والا کی تخلیق مصنف کی ایک منفرد کاوش ہے اس منفرد تخلیقی فن کار ی نے انھیں ایک نئی پہچان دی ہے  لفظوں میں چھپے ان کے مطلب...

Globalization and Socioeconomic Realities: An Analysis of Mohsin Hamid’s How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia

Globalization, a term widely debated in contemporary discourse, encompasses multifaceted dimensions and effects that permeate various aspects of society, including the economy, politics, geography, cultures, and individual perceptions. This article delves into the diverse dimensions of globalization and its far-reaching impact on both local and global perspectives, with a particular focus on its influence on individuals worldwide. Through the lens of Mohsin Hamid’s novel, "How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia," this study examines the repercussions of globalization on the lives of ordinary Pakistanis, shedding light on the lengths to which individuals go to secure a higher social standing. Drawing upon Reader Response Theory by Wolfgang Iser, this analysis offers valuable insights into the nuanced portrayal of globalization in Hamid’s work, shedding light on the symbiotic relationship between individuals and this pervasive global force. Ultimately, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the intricate dynamics between globalization and socioeconomic realities, paving the way for informed strategies to address its multifaceted implications.

A Case Study of Innovation: Cabris Integration in the Geometry Classroom

This small-scale research is a case study of Cabri's (a geometrical software) diffusion as an innovation in the secondary mathematics classroom in the exploratory paradigm. Basically, this research explores the supporting and hindering factors when Cabri was adopted and implemented as an innovation in the mathematics classroom. The rationale of conducting this study is based purely on my teaching and learning experiences of geometry as conventional teacher and learner respectively. So this research is an attempt to transform my conventional practices into contemporary ones. Moreover, geometry in the secondary mathematics curriculum occupies large numbers of substantial concepts due to its rich variety. So, this research will broaden my understanding about teaching these concepts effectively through Cabri. In the conventional teaching and learning scenario of Geometry, the active exploration of Geometry is not an easy task for the teachers and learners. The main reasons for this are the inaccuracy of the figure, lack of visualization and syllabus completion and time constraint and lack of immediate conceptual feedback by teachers. This research focuses on how teachers can adopt and implement Cabri as a new innovation in the secondary geometry classroom. It also focuses on those ways, which can bring improvement in the teaching and learning of geometry in the context of developing countries like Pakistan. For this research, I worked with two female secondary mathematics teachers from my home institution. I initiated my research by interviewing the existing perceptions of my research participants about the adaptation and implementation of Cabri for the teaching and learning of geometry. It was discerned that the ways teachers teach strongly depend on their existing perception. I encouraged planning lessons with my teachers, implemented the lessons as co-teacher, observed and reflected on the teaching and learning practices of teacher and students for further improvement. The data in this research was collected through semi structured interviews, participant observations of teaching either in classroom or in computer lab, the researcher's descriptive memos and students' sample work and evaluation; this data was analyzed and discussed in thematic form. These study findings report in two major themes: How Cabri supports the students learning geometry and how can teachers adopt Cabri for the effective teaching and learning of geometry, and their sub themes have also been discussed. This research finding report that Cabri as catalyst motivated the students for the learning of geometry, engaged them in the active construction of new knowledge
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