Search from the Journals, Articles, and Headings
Advanced Search (Beta)
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...

اردو سیرت نگاری؛چند اہم اردو تصانیف کا تعارف

 

اردو سیرت نگاری؛چند اہم اردو تصانیف کا تعارف

ڈاکٹر محمد انصر جاوید گھمن

ایمان کا ایک بنیادی جز اس بات کا متقاضی ہے کہ نہ صرف اس بات پر یقین کامل ہونا چاہیے کہ حضور اکرمﷺبحیثیت خاتم النبیین اللہ تعالیٰ کے آخری نبی ہیں بلکہ اس کے ساتھ ساتھ آپﷺ کی ذات مبارکہ سے انتہا درجے کا عشق ہونا بھی ضروری ہے اور آپ کی تعلیمات پر عمل پیرا رہنا ہر صاحب ایمان مرد عورت پر فرض ہے۔ بحیثیت مسلمان ہمیں حضور پاک ﷺکی سیرت مبارکہ کے مختلف گوشوں کا مطالعہ کرنے کی ضرورت ہے تا کہ اپنی زندگی میں ان اصولوں کی پیروی کی جائے جو ہمارے لئے اسوہ حسنہ ہیں۔ لین دین کے معاملات سے لے کر حقوق العباد تک، عبادات سے لے کر ایمانیات و روحانیات تک الغرض شعبہ زندگی و عبادات سے متعلق ہر ممکنہ پہلوؤں تک ہماری یہی کوشش رہتی ہے کہ ہم سنت رسولﷺ کی پیروی کریں اور رسول اکرمﷺ کی تمام سنتوں کی مکمل طور پر پیروی کی جائے جو بدعات سے پاک ہوں۔ قرآن کے مطلوب و مقصود کے عین مطابق ہوں اور حضور اکرمﷺ کی اصل تعلیمات و تشریحات پر ہی مبنی ہو۔دین کے ایک طالب علم ہونے کی وجہ سے چونکہ ہم سیرت النبیﷺ کے مطالعہ کی اہمیت سے انکار نہیں  کر سکتے۔ چنانچہ ہماری کوشش رہتی ہے کہ ہماری علمی تراث میں سیرت نگاری پر جتنا لیٹریچر مرتب کیا جا چکا ہے اس کا ایک تاریخی جائزہ لیا جائے۔ مصادر سیرت کے ہر ہر جز کی بنیاد کے فہم کو سمجھا جائے اور ایک عجمی ہونے کے ناطے ہمیں جہاں عربی مصادر سیرت نگاری کا مطالعہ کرنا درکار ہو گا وہیں اردو زبان میں شائع شدہ سیرت نگاری کا ایک تفصیلی و تحقیقی (بشمول...

Education Curriculum of Learning In Children

To develop in children a broad range of skills, including the problem solving, interpersonal and communication skills that are essential for successful living in a rapidly changing society.  The curriculum encourages student initiative by providing children with materials, equipment, and time to pursue activities they choose.  At the same time, it provides teachers with a framework for guiding children’s independent activities toward sequenced learning goals. There are seven specific types of learning styles. Visual learners prefer to learn mathematics through pictures, diagrams etc.  A well-balanced intelligent child is able to develop all the types of learning styles. The students have to understand and accept their type of learning style earlier so that learning becomes easier and less stressful in the future. But it is important to train and practice the other types of learning styles so that the children can utilize them as effectively as possible. The teacher plays a key role in instructional activities by selecting appropriate, developmentally sequenced material and by encouraging children to adopt an active problem-solving approach to learning. This teacher-student interaction teachers helping students achieve developmentally sequenced goals while also encouraging them to set many of their own goals uniquely distinguishes the High/Scope Curriculum from direct-instruction and child-centered curricula (high/Scope Educational Research Foundation, 1989).  Teachers keep notes about significant behaviors, changes, statements, and things that help them better understand a child’s way of thinking and learning.  Teachers use two mechanisms to help them collect data: the key experiences note form and a portfolio.  The High/Scope Child Observation Record is also used to assess children’s development.  According to Ronald Barnett, learning may or may not take place when a subject is taught.  While discussing this point he has presented two contrasting images of quality.  They are institutional performance and student experience, student learning or student achievement.  The teacher in his opinion is central to higher education.  Teaching may be able to improve the quality of student’s learning but the teacher should remind himself that it may also impair the quality of student’s learning.  This is partly because student’s learning strategies vary under two polarities, one between deep and surface understanding and the other between holistic and atomistic understanding of their learning experiences.  He goes on to add that for a student, learning has three distinct aspects: learning style, motivation and curriculum demands.  Therefore teachers have to pursue, beyond teaching strategies to enable their students to attain certain specific skills.

Development and Characterization of Polymer Based Nano-Doxorubicin Delivery System for Cancer Therapy

This study was aimed to develop doxorubicin loaded quaternary ammonium palmitoyl glycol chitosan (DOX-GCPQ) nanoformulation for DOX delivery and non-invasive monitoring of DOX accumulation and biodistribution at tumor site utilizing DOX’s self-florescent property. DOX-GCPQ amphiphilic polymeric nanoformulations were prepared and optimized using artificial neural network (ANN) and characterized for surface morphology by atomic force microscopy, particle size with polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential by dynamic light scattering. FTIR and XRD studies were performed to examine drug polymer interaction. The ANN-optimized nanoformulation was investigated for in-vitro release, cellular, tumor and tissue uptake. Since a nanoformulation, on accounts of the smaller size and higher surface to volume ratio alters its biological behavior and encapsulated therapeutic agent, the newly developed nanoformulation-based drug delivery system was also assessed for its toxicity and safety. The optimized DOX-GCPQ nanoformulation was anionic spherical micelles with hydrodynamic particle size of 97.8 ± 1.5 nm, PDI <0.3, zeta potential 28 ± 2mV and encapsulation efficiency of 81 ± 1.5%. Nanoformulation demonstrated a sustained release pattern over 48 h, assuming Weibull model. Fluorescence microscopy revealed higher uptake of DOX-GCPQ in Human Rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells as compared to free DOX. In-vitro cytotoxicity assay indicated a significant cytotoxicity of DOX-GCPQ against RD cells as compared to DOX and blank GCPQ (P < 0.05). DOX-GCPQ exhibited low IC50 (1.7 ± 0.404 µmol) when compared to that of DOX (3.0 ± 0.968 µmol). In skin tumor xenografts, optical imaging revealed significantly lower DOX II GCPQ in heart and liver (P < 0.05) and accumulated mainly in tumor (P < 0.05) as compared to other tissues. For toxicological studies, the optimized and characterized DOX-GCPQ was for size, charge, population dispersity, stability, encapsulation efficiency and in-vitro biocompatibility against rat’s whole blood. Apoptosis was studied in Human Rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. DNA damage was investigated in rat bone marrow using in-vivo micronucleus assay. Hemo-, nephro-, hepato- and cardio- toxicities were studied after three dose cycles (6mg/kg each) in DOX vs DOX GCPQ treated mice keeping untreated group as healthy control. DOX-GCPQ demonstrated higher hemocompatibility, significant apoptotic potential as compared to DOX alone. Rat bone marrow examination depicted fewer micronucleus formation after 24 h of single oral dose of DOX-GCPQ (6mg/kg). Significant (P<0.001) decrease in whole body weight and weights of heart, liver and kidney was observed in DOX vs DOX-GCPQ. DOX induced nephron-, hepato- and cardio-toxicities were indicated by significantly (p<0.0001) high serum biomarkers (urea, uric acid, creatinine, ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, CK, CK-MB, LDH); and low antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT, GSH, MDH) levels when compared with DOX-GCPQ. Mild vascular congestion in liver and kidney tissues was observed with DOX-GCPQ, while DOX induced vasculature changes coupled with marked vascular congestion, and distorted glomerulus. DOX raised cardiac risk ratio and atherogenic coefficient that modifies lipid metabolism. However, a mild vascular congestion in liver, kidney and heart tissues, nevertheless comparatively lesser than DOX was found with DOX-GCPQ. DOX significantly (p<0.005) reduced serum lipid markers and raised serum electrolytes (p<0.005) in contrast to control. DOX-GCPQ nanoformulation sustained (p>0.005) above parameters. The features of nanoformulation, i.e., small particle size, sustained drug release, enhanced cellular uptake, potential to target tumor passively coupled with the possibility of monitoring of tumor localization by optical imaging may make DOX-GCPQ an efficient nanotheranostic system which may also work as future safe drug carrier system with reduced DOX-induced organ toxicity.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.