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ناول"دھنی بخش کے بیٹے " میں خیر وشر کا تصور

ناول"دھنی بخش کے بیٹے " میں خیر وشر کا تصور

کومل شہزادی

اس کائنات میں ازل سے “خیر” اور” شر” کی کشمکش ہے۔ وہ یہ خیال کرتے ہیں کہ یہی کشمکش آپ کو ایسے تصورات کے اطلاق کی راہ میں بھی حائل نظرآتی ہے ۔ اس کائنات میں “خیر” اور” شر” ما بعد طبعیاتی اور ماورائی تصورات ہیں۔اگر ہم غور کریں تو انسان دو طرح کے عوامل کے زیر اثر ہوتا ہے ایک خیر اور دوسرا شر-کچھ چیزیں خیر کا اظہار ہوتی ہیں اور کچھ شر سے جنم لیتی ہیں۔

اس پر ایک طویل بحث کی جاسکتی ہے مگر میں ناول "دھنی بخش کے بیٹے " کی بات کروں تو ناول نگار نے دو الگ کرداروں کے ذریعے اس موضوع کا احاطہ کیا ہے۔حسن منظر ایک منفرد ناول نگار ہیں اور ان کا یہ ناول اکیسویں صدی کا عمدہ ناول کہا جائے تو بے جا نہ ہوگا۔ناول میں دو کردار علی بخش اور احمد بخش سے خیر و شر کی کشمکش کا پہلو ہے اس کو دونوں کرداروں سے عمدہ انداز میں بیان کیا ہے۔علی بخش کے کردار میں شر جیسے عناصر پائے جاتے ہیں جبکہ احمد بخش کے کردار میں ہمیں خیر کے پہلو ملتے ہیں۔ناول نگار نے دونوں کی عادات و اطوار سے اس تصور کو ناول میں جگہ جگہ تذکرہ کیا ہے۔خیر و شر پہلوؤں  کا بھی بہت خوب انداز میں نقشہ کھینچا گیا ہے ۔جس سے ناول کے دو کردار علی بخش اور احمد بخش سے عکاسی کرتے نظر آتے ہیں۔دھنی بخش کے گاؤں اور اس کے اردگرد دیہاتوں میں یہ خبر گردش ہونا شروع ہوجاتی ہے کہ احمد بخش امریکہ جارہا ہے ۔احمد بخش کو ایسی برائیوں سے بڑھے ہوئے ماحول سے کراہٹ محسوس ہوتی تھی ۔وہ کلچرل سسٹم میں خود...

GEROJENE DALAM ADAT PERNIKAHAN SUKU KAILI DITINJAU DARI FIQHI MUNAKAHAT

This study specifically examines the implementation of gerojene in the custom of Kaili tribal marriage in terms of fiqh Munakahat. The problem raised was how to understand and implement gerojene according to the Kaili tribal wedding customary law. This research is based on the views of some cultural experts that tradition can be seen as an act and behavior that prevails in a society, both in the form of habits and rules that are worked on from generation to generation inherited from ancestors since time immemorial. The definition is that if it is associated with the Kaili tribe's marriage customs, namely gerojene, then what is meant is the actions and rules held in a marriage ceremony inherited from ancestors and have been held for a long time until today are still maintained and practiced in traditional wedding ceremonies the Kaili tribe in Central Sulawesi. This research data comes from secondary data in the form of theories quoted from books, research journals, fiqh munakahat, and other writings by quoting directly or indirectly. Primary data or data collected from the field of research. Primary data collection uses two types of methods. First observation. The researcher went to the research location. The location of this study was in two districts and one city. Donggala Regency, Sigi Regency and Palu City. This observation activity is to meet traditional Kaili figures. Both methods are in-depth interviews. This was intended to find out the understanding and implementation of gerojene customs in the Kaili tribe marriage through question and answer. The answers given will clarify the problem under study. Through this research, it is known that there are differences in the understanding and procedure for the implementation of gerojene in the Kaili tribal marriages of the past with the Kaili tribe today. The words gerojene were pronounced by the customary leader as the representative of the bride of the prospective wife. After that the prospective husband answered as his agreement. The end of this pledge of women and men has legitimately become husband and wife. This event must be attended by a mother father or representing men and women and witnessing traditional and family leaders.

The Reflection of Islamic Values in the Compulsory Subjects of Social Sciences at Secondary Ix-X Level in Karachi

This study investigates the reflection of Islamic values in Social sciences especially compulsory subjects of Islamiyat and Pakistan studies in 9th and 10th classes of Karachi, Pakistan. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between Islamic culture, concepts, values and course content of Islamiyat and Pakistan Studies at secondary (9th and 10th classes) level. The secondary purpose was to explore the goals and philosophy of education and its relation to the basic concept of Islam. The scope of the study was limited to secondary schools of Karachi. This study was an attempt to identify and study the cultural foundations and the religious values underlying the current educational system of Pakistan. This concept clarified through a scrutiny of the process of Islamic concept, which is already given in the textbooks of Islamiyat and Pakistan studies. This investigation cleared that through an effective educational system these values can be transferred in the new generation. For this purpose our curriculum for all levels should be prepared in the light of Islamic values especially the compulsory subjects of secondary (9th and 10th classes) level, which is the important stage of human development and these values are essential for individual moral and social training. The population of this study were the students of secondary (9th and 10th classes) level of Karachi city. By random sampling 100 schools had been selected. 600 respondents including 300 hundred male and 300 hundred female students were selected for collecting data. The researcher had also taken the interview of the different scholars. The data was collected with the help of research tools( ii ) questionnaire (consisted of 35 items), interviews and personal observation and the researcher presented the statistical analysis by the means of simple percentage and spears man’s co-relation method. Some recommendations had also been presented to solve the problem with the help of collected data. The results identified the importance of Islamic values and determined its reflection in the compulsory subjects of Islamiyat and Pakistan studies in 9th and 10th classes of Karachi city. In the light of conclusions it was recommended that meeting should be arranged by text book boards frequently for the review of text books and the text books should be written in the perspective of Islamic civilization. In this study it was clarified that aim and objectives of Islamic education is to provide such an educational system, which one is based on Holy Quraan and Sunnah and secondly it adopts the changes in the society on the issues, which are the fundamentals of Islam.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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