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چشم کشا انٹر ویو

چشم کُشا انٹر ویو

پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی کن حالات و مقاصد کے لیے قائم ہوئی ،پارٹی سے قبل لاہور کی کن شخصیات سے بھٹو صاحب کی قربت تھی ۔شہید بھٹو کی پارٹی کے قیام سے پہلے لاہور ،لائلپور ،گجرات کے دوروں کے دوران عوام کی طرف سے والہانہ اظہار محبت کے کیا کیا واقعات پیش آئے ،تاسیسی اجلاس میں لاہور ،قصور ،راولپنڈی ،فیصل آباد ،سرگودھا ،ملتان ،ساہیوال ،وہاڑی اور سندھ سے شریک ہو نے والے مندوبین کون تھے ۔لیفٹ کی بھٹو شہید سے نفرت کے محرکات کیا ہیں ۔ہالا کنونشن میں معراج محمد خان کی طرف سے پرچی کی بجائے برچھی سے خون سوشلسٹ انقلاب کے مطالبہ پر قائد عوام نے کیا جواب دیا ۔۔۔۔یہ سب کچھ جاننے کے لیے پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی کے بانی،رکن ،شہید بھٹو کے ساتھی ،ترقی پسند دانشور ،شاعر ،محقق و ادیب جناب اسلم گورداسپوری کا چشم کشا مضمون ۔

عام تاثر یہی تھا اور اب بھی ہے کہ پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی والے کھلے ،ڈلے ،منہ پھٹ ،سر کش ، اپنی لیڈر شپ کے ساتھ زیادہ فرینک قسم کے لوگ ہوتے ہیں جبکہ مسلم لیگیے عموما کاروباری ٹائپ ، میسنے ،موقع شناس و موقع پرست چاپلوس قسم کی طبیعتوںکے مالک ہو تے ہیں جوکبھی ’’گیلے ‘‘پر پائوںنہیں رکھتے ،رسک نہیں لیتے ،انتہائی لچکدار ’’کردار ‘‘کے حامل ہوتے ہیں ۔ماضی کی حد تک یہ تاثر شاید درست بھی تھا کہ معراج محمد خان ،مختار رانا آف لائلپور ،جے اے رحیم اور حنیف رامے جیسے نرم مزاج ،دانشور مصور فنکار قسم کے لوگ بھی بھٹو جیسے بندے کے خلاف ڈھے گئے ۔جبکہ مسلم لیگ کے مزاج میں سازش اور ٹانگیں کھینچنا تو موجود تھا لیکن آنکھوں میں آنکھیں ڈال کر مزاحمت کا رواج ہر گز نہیں تھا لیکن اب تو یوں محسوس ہوتا ہے کہ رولز ہی ریورس ہوگئے...

A Sharʽiah Analysis of ʼijāra as a Financing Mode in the wake of Parallel Banking System of Bank of Khyber

The only religion Islam provides the thorough layout for human beings not only covers the spiritual needs but also shaped the materialistic desires in a better way. The most important aspect among all is the availability of proper, smooth flowing and practical financial system as it involve almost in all fields of life. Looking at the current situation and fast growing industry, Islamic Banking System emerged as solid and firm scheme for optimum utilization of finance in full conformity of Shariʽah. ʼijāra is one of the modes frequently used in Interest free banks. The Bank of Khyber claims as Parallel Banking System i.e. It practicing conventional Banking as well as Islamic Banking System. This study emphasis on analyzing the practice of ʼijāra as a financing mode in the wake of Parallel Banking system of Bank of Khyber in the light of Sharʽiah teachings and to portray the real picture of it to enhance the level of satisfaction of customer.   

Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 3A and its Correlation With Treatment Response in Patients Visiting Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar

Hepatitis is a fatal disease of the liver caused by the Hepatitis Viruses including Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). HCV has an RNA genome and it frequently changes its genetic makeup giving rise to variants. The rate of change in the viral genome is higher in cases where the infection is uncontrolled, and the virus gets more chances to replicate. With > 6% of the general population infected with HCV, the burden of HCV infection is increasing in Pakistan mostly attributed to failure of control strategies. Response rate of anti-viral drugs used for the treatment of chronic Hepatitis C infection in different geographical regions reflect the diversity of the virus as well as the response of particular ethnic groups. Characterization of seven genetic lineages (genotypes 1-7) among the susceptible and resistant HCV types, in combination with other markers possibly will help manage HCV infected patients with respect to selection of appropriate antiviral therapy and future vaccine development against the virus. In the present study the existing pattern of HCV genotypes distribution was investigated in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan and characterization of HCV genotype 3a was carried out based on sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of HCV Core and non-structural protein NS5B for detection of clinically relevant mutations which may be related with response to conventional Interferon and Ribavirin combination therapy. In total 422/510 (82.75%) PCR positive samples examined by a modified type-specific PCR based assay and sequencing of the Core gene, 45.5% were identified as having HCV 3a infection. Mixed genotypic infection was detected in 22.99% of patients. Genotype 1b accounted for 11.61% while 3b was present in 5.21% of patients. Rare genotypes encountered were 2a (4.98%), 2b (3.79%) and 1a (3.32%) respectively. Patients with confirmed status of genotype 3a infection were evaluated for variables of interest at various intervals of therapy. Among 100 patients who completed therapy for 24 weeks, 43% of the patients achieved Sustained Virological Response (SVR), while 57% of the patients turned out to be Non-Responders (NRs). Mean age of the patients was low (34 ± 9.8) among patients who achieved SVR than those with non-response. The 24 weeks ALT levels were significantly low among patients with SVR as compared to NRs (p-value ≤ 0.05). The association of Early Virological Response (EVR) with SVR was found statistically significant (p-value ≤ 0.05). HCV NS5B (polymerase gene) and Core gene were sequenced in patients with SVR and NRs. Sequence comparison of amino acids in the pre and post-therapy isolates against HCV 3a reference sequence (Isolate NZL1; BAA04609), revealed that the Core region of HCV was highly conserved among all the isolates with no obvious variations between SVR and NR sequences. Full length NS5B sequence revealed four novel mutations (A67V, T131I, R374H and M425L) significantly associated with SVR (p-value ≤ 0.05) in Pakistani HCV 3a isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of the obtained viral genomic sequences based on HCV 3a Core and NS5B gene sequences with reference sequences from different countries showed that different strains of HCV genotype 3a are prevalent in Peshawar. Conclusion The present study reports that the pattern of HCV subtypes distribution in Peshawar, KP province has changed over times. Although less than previously reported; HCV 3a, still accounts for most of the HCV infections in Peshawar. There is increasing burden of HCV 1b or mixed infections of 1b with other types which may have consequences for disease management strategies. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of HCV 3a Core and NS5B gene sequences indicated the presence of different lineages of HCV genotype 3a in Peshawar. Moreover, the study reveals that EVR and viral genetic mutations in NS5B region of HCV 3a can help predict treatment response among the chronically infected HCV 3a patients in Peshawar.
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