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خواجہ عبدالرؤف عشرتؔ لکھنوی

خواجہ عبدالرؤف عشرت لکھنوی
خواجہ عبدالروف عشرت، لکھنؤ داروغہ حیدربخش کی مسجد کے نیچے کتابوں کی ایک چھوٹی سی دوکان پر بیٹھا کرتے تھے، مگر خدا جانے کیا بات ہے یہ چھوٹی سے معمولی حیثیت کی دوکان نصف صدی تک لکھنؤ کے اہل علم و ادب کا مرکز بنی رہی، اور میں نے بھی چالیس برس اس چھوٹی سی دکان کو اسی طرح علم و ادب کے قدرشناسوں کا مرکز دیکھا، اس وقت جب لکھنؤ کا چوک بجلی اور گیس کی روشنیوں سے جگمگارہا تھا یہی دکان تھی جس پر پرانا مٹی کا چراغ جلا کرتا تھا، اور دنیا کو وضعداری کی روشنی دکھاتا تھا، افسوس کہ زبان و ادب کا یہ ٹمٹماتا ہوا چراغ بھی بجھ گیا۔
خواجہ صاحب گو خود غیر معمولی شاعر نہ تھے، مگر لکھنؤ کے بڑے بڑے شاعروں کی صحبت اٹھائے تھے، بحرؔ مرحوم کے شاگرد تھے، نظم سے زیادہ نثر لکھتے تھے اور لکھنؤ کی راجدھانی اور لکھنؤ کے جانعالم کی کہانی ان کا خاص موضوع تھا، لکھنوء کی بول چال اور محاوروں اور روزمرہ کو بخوبی برتتے تھے، نیک مزاج، وضعدار اور قناعت پسند تھے، اﷲ تعالیٰ مغفرت فرمائے۔ (سید سلیمان ندوی،جولائی ۱۹۴۰ء)

 

العدالة الاجتماعية في ضوء السيرة النبوية

The study aimed at exploring social justice, peace, prosperity, love, welfare and coexistence in the light of Prophetic Sīrah being the model of humanism in the world. The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) was a paragon of social justice and a role model at the apex for humanity. He was a great social reformer and social activist. He (ﷺ) crippled an arrogant class and race-based system by the virtue of equality, avoiding the exploitation of basic rights of poor and by establishing a society based on virtues of charity and well-wishing. The Holy Prophet (ﷺ) strived for making a society based on collective and individual justice. He was real role model of tolerance and kindness which can vividly be observed at various events such as; entering the city of Makkah, the pact of Ḥudaybiya, the treaties with the non-Muslims, at the time of migration to Madīnah, fixing the Black-Stone and Ḥilf al-Fuḍūl. Thus, it is a fact that Holy Prophet (ﷺ) emerged a society that strives for gaining social justice. The researcher applied descriptive method for conducting this research. The study concludes the aspects of social justice in the Sīrah of the last Prophet which can surly enlighten the whole humanity and all societies of the world

New Reform in Teacher Education: An Investigation of the Implementation of 4-Years B. Ed. Hons. Elementary Programme in Four Selected Teacher Education Institutions in Sindh, Pakistan

Over the past many decades, teacher education remained focus of the government. The national education policies since 1947 proposed for reforms in teacher education to improve the quality of education. Similarly, the National Education Policy (2009) recommended for reforms in the teacher education with a particular focus on pre-service teacher education. In line with recommendations, the Higher Education Commission and provincial governments have introduced a 4-year B.Ed. (Hons.) Elementary programme with the support from United States Agency for Internal Development, Pre-Service Teacher Education Programme (USAID, Pre-STEP) to improve the quality of education in Pakistan. This study sought to discover how is the B.Ed. (Hons.) elementary programme being implemented in the four selected teacher education institutions (TEIs) in Sindh, Pakistan. A mixed method research design was employed, which helped in collecting the data in breadth and depth to understand various aspects of the programme implementation. The quantitative data were collected from 120 prospective teachers and 30 faculty members through a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire to know about their views and experiences of the B.Ed. (Hons.) elementary programme. The qualitative data were collected through interviews and focus group discussions (FGD) from 45 research participants who comprised of key informants, department heads, faculties and prospective teachers. The groups for FGDs comprised of 4-6 research participants. This study found significant changes in teaching practices, use of ICTs and assessment tools and practices as an outcome of the interventions made. Moreover, the study found that the USAID, Pre-STEP played a significant role in implementation of the programme. However, many factors hampered the implementation especially in the post project period. These factors include; lack of updated reference materials and equipment including ICT, lack of qualified human resources, the mismatch with ground realities as well as between students' background and the specialized courses offered, lack of coordination, needed infrastructure and continued struggle for sustainability of actions after the project. The study also found that the Government Elementary Colleges of Education (GECEs) face greater challenges in terms of sustained enrolment as compared with university departments. This study suggests that the policy makers and programme implementers need to ensure conducting proper needs assessment and institutional analysis prior to starting a new programme and develop a proper sustainability strategy for post project period. The TEIs need to be equipped with the required resources. The revised recruitment policy (2017) need immediate implementation to ensure induction of qualified and performance-oriented staff to
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