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قاضی عبدالغفار

قاضی عبدالغفار
افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ مہینہ ہماری پرانی علمی و تہذیبی بزم کی ایک اور روشن شمع خاموش ہوگئی، اور قاضی عبدالغفار صاحب نے موت و حیات کی طویل کشمکش کے بعد ۱۷؍ جنوری کو انتقال کیا، وہ ہماری بزم کہن کی اہم یادگار، حکیم اجمل خاں کے ندیم خاص، مولانا محمد علی کے ہمدم و ہمراز، مولانا ابوالکلام کے ہم نشین، ایک تجربہ کار صحافی اور صاحبِ طرز ادیب تھے، چمنستانِ ادب اور خارزار صحافت دونوں میں ان کے قلم کی روانی یکساں تھی اور طنز لطیف میں تو آپ اپنی مثال تھے، ہماری زبان میں ان کے ’’ہلکے ہلکے اشارے‘‘ طنز و ظرافت کے شرارے اور اردو ادب کے شہ پارے ہوتے تھے۔
وہ پرانے قوم پرست اور وطن پرور تھے، ترک موالات اور خلافت کی تحریکوں میں سرگرمی سے حصہ لیا، اس کے بعد بھی صحافت کے دائرے کے اندر ایک عر صہ تک ملکی سیاست میں حصہ لیتے رہے اور مختلف اوقات میں کلکتہ، دہلی اور حیدرآباد سے مختلف اخبارات جمہود، صباح اور پیام نکالے، ہمدرد میں مولانا محمد علی مرحوم کے دستِ راست تھے، ۱۹۲۲؁ء میں دوسرے وفد خلافت کے سکریٹری کی حیثیت سے لندن گئے تھے، ان کی کتاب نقش فرنگ اس سفر کا دلآویز مرقع ہے، وہ فطری ادیب تھے، ان کی کوئی تحریر ادب کی چاشنی سے خالی نہ ہو تی تھی، انجمن ترقی اردو کے دوبارہ قیام کے بعد اس کے جنرل سکریٹری ہوگئے تھے، بلکہ پہلی انجمن کے خاتمہ کے بعد دوبارہ ان ہی نے اس کو زندہ کیا تھا، اور اسکے ذریعہ آخر دم تک اردو کے لیے لڑتے رہے، اس صوبہ میں اردو کو جو حقوق بھی ملے ہیں اس میں انجمن کو بڑا دخل ہے۔
قاضی صاحب میں جدت و قدامت کا بڑا لطیف امتزاج تھا، وہ خیالات میں ترقی پسند تھے، لیکن...

Relationship Between Selected Variables of Parental Stress During Early Childhood Education

Parental stress is as experience of parents not only because of child-care, but also due to their community and environmental conditions, duties and everyday life. Research focused on investigation of stress among parents related to their children at early-childhood education and to explore the relationship between child’s behavior, parents’ expectations, family relationship, socio-economic status, social support, parental satisfaction and child’s responsibilities. All the parents of the students studying ECE at private schools in the areas of Rawalpindi constituted as the population of this research study. The target population consisted of all the parents of students from 10 randomly selected private schools of Rawalpindi. During scheduled parent-teachers meeting, the parents’ voluntary participation was demanded. Based upon their consent 145 parents of children from 10 private schools at Rawalpindi were available for the sample of study through purposive sampling. A self-developed questionnaire containing items related to seven aspects of parental stress was developed on five-point Likert scale. The data were analyzed with the help of descriptive mean, SD, and Pearson r. The current study shows that highest levels of stress among parents of these children. The economic disadvantage is also a leading cause for parental stress and minor social support tended to report extra parental stress. The results of the study highlighted the understanding of parents’ stress in ECE.

Synthesis of Thiosemicarbazides, 1, 2, 4-Triazole Derivatives and Their Bioactivities

This research work consists of synthesis of various thiosemicarbazides and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives and screening of their biological activities. All compounds were fully characterized by various spectroscopic techniques, such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and EIMS/FABMS. Melting points of all compounds were also recorded. This dissertation consists of two chapters based on the extensive literature and research findings regarding the four libraries of synthetic compounds. Each chapter has its own compounds numbering, tables, figures, schemes, and references. Chapter-1 deals with general introduction of thiosemicarbazides, their previous synthetic strategies, and their biological activites. It also describes general introduction of biological activities and their bioassays. It is comprised of the synthesis of various derivatives of 4chlorophenyl substituted thiosemicarbazides 33-57 (Part A), and nicotinic/isonicotinic substituted thiosemicarbazides 60-84 (Part B) and their in vitro activities against urease, α-glucosidase, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymes. Compounds 35, 42, 46, 49, 61, 67, 77, and 79 were new derivatives while rest of the compounds were previously known. Except few all synthetic compounds showed superior activity than the standard thiourea. Compound 57 was sixty six fold, compound 42 was nineteen fold, compounds 35, 38, 52 were about ten fold and compounds 69 and 81 were eighteen fold more potent than the standard thiourea. Some synthetic thiosemicarbazides showed weak activity against αglucosidase enzyme while showed no activity against acetylcholinesterase enzyme. Chapter-2 deals with general introduction to 1,2,4-triazole, their previous synthetic strategies, and their biological activites. It is also composed of the synthesis of various analogues of 4-chlorophenyl substituted 1,2,4-triazole derivatives 156-180 (Part A), and synthesis of thioether derivatives of 1,2,4-triazoles 181-192 (Part B) by four steps reaction and their in vitro activities against urease, α-glucosidase, and AChE enzymes. Compounds 158, 162, 163, 165, 167, and 169-173 were new derivatives, while rest of the compounds were previously reported by others. 1,2,4-Triazole derivatives 156-180 showed good to excellent urease inhibitory activities. Compounds 156, 163, 166, and 176 were more potent compounds, particularly, compound 176 showed 28-fold more potent activity than the standard thiourea. Compounds 156, 162, 163, 166, 175, and 179 exhibited weak αglucosidase inhibitory activity, while 1,2,4-triazole derivatives 156-180 showed no activity against AChE enzyme. Thioether derivatives 181-192 showed a weak inhibitory activity against urease enzyme, while good to weak inhibitory activity against α glucosidase enzyme, particularly, thioether derivatives 182 and 185 were found to be the more potent than the standard acarbose. All 1,2,4-triazole derivatives 156-180 showed no activity, while thioether derivatives 181-192 showed weak inhibitory activity against AChE enzyme.
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Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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