Search from the Journals, Articles, and Headings
Advanced Search (Beta)
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...

38. Sad/Saad

38. Sad/Saad

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

38:01
a. Saad.
b. By The Divine Qur’an - full of Remembrance and Reminders.

38:02
a. They do not have any reason to reject it.
b. Instead, those who disbelieve are lost in conceit and dissent.

38:03
a. How many generations have WE destroyed before them for the same sins!
b. Then they cried out for help when it was far too late to repent and escape the punishment.

38:04
a. Yet they are surprised that a Warner should come to them from among themselves.
b. And the disbelievers say to one another:
c. ‘This Prophet is a deceiver, a liar!’

38:05
a. How ‘has he made our worshipful entities into only One worshipful entity of Allah?
b. Surely this is very astonishing and a curious thing, indeed!’

38:06
a. And the leaders among them went about saying:
b. ‘Let us go out of here.
c. And remain faithful to your worshipful entities.
d. Indeed, this is what is extremely desirable.’

38:07
a. ‘We have not heard anything like this in the religion of these later days.
b. So this concept is nothing but a fabrication.’

38:08
a. How has the Reminder - The Qur’an - been sent down on to him alone from among all of us?
b. No!
c. Instead, they are lost in doubts about MY Reminder.

d. No!
e. In fact, they have not yet tasted MY Punishment!

38:09
a. They think that no one else deserves...

The Impact of Melaka as a UNESCO World Heritage Tourist Area on the Motivations

Malays will not disappear from the world." The oath of Admiral Hang Tuah in the 15th century seemed to have received his "luck". When UNESCO designated Bandaraya Melaka as a World Heritage City on July 7, 2008, The aim of this research is to determine what factors influence the motivation of tourists visiting the Old City area of Bandaraya Melaka. The research methodology uses quantitative descriptive analysis with a sample size of 37 people. Variable (X1): psychological motivation has no effect on tourist motivation (Y), cultural motivation variable (X2) has no effect on tourist motivation (Y), social motivation variable (X3) has an effect on tourist motivation (Y), and fantasy motivation variable (X4) has an effect on tourist motivation (Y). The R2 value is 0.682, meaning that the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable is 68.2%. While the remaining 31.8%, other variables amounting to 31.8 percent could be from medical treatment, costs, and travel services, which were not examined in this research.

Kinetics of Oxidation of Some Reducing Sugars by Potassium Permanganate in Acidic Medium by Visible Spectrophotometry

Sugars containing either aldehyde (aldose), ketone (ketose ) or hemiacetal groups can be oxidized and are classified as reducing sugars. As oxidation of carbohydrates is widely studied under the field of organic chemistry, the present research has been conducted to study the oxidation of reducing sugars (galactose, fructose, maltose and lactose) with potassium permanganate as an oxidizing agent in sulphuric acid medium. The rate of oxidation of sugars was monitored by recording the change in optical density of MnO4- ion at λmax 545nm. The reactions exhibit first order with respect to [H+], [Sugar] & [MnO4-]. Plots of kobs vs [substrate] were found to be linear for the oxidation of galactose, fructose, maltose and lactose. A plot of log[sugar] vs logk gave straight line with slope of the order of unity (0.81, 0.84, 0.48 and 1.20 in galactose, fructose, maltose and lactose respectively). The oxidation showed that configuration of sugars has some bearing on rate of oxidation. At lower concentration of oxidants, the linear dependence of reaction rate tends towards new order at their higher concentration. Poor dependence on ionic strength suggests the presence of molecular species in the rate determining step. The rate of reaction was affected at elevated temperature where thermodynamic activation parameters like activation energy (Ea), enthalpy change of activation (∆H#), free energy change of activation (∆G#) and entropy change of activation (∆S#) were determined by Arrhenius and Erying equations. The negative value of entropy of activation suggests the existence of highly solvated transition intermediate state and the value of energy of activation suggests the slow kinetics. Hg catalyst was used to increase the rate of reaction in case of maltose and lactose where reactions proceed very slowly with respect to time as compared to other sugars used. +2 OH [Hg(H2O)6]+2 + MnO4-+ H3O+ O Mn O Hg(H2O)5 + 2 H2O The positive value for the free energy of activation indicated high electrostatic interaction between solute and solvent which was supported by the negative value of ∆S# indicating the solvated intermediate state. By considering the first order kinetics with respect to sugars concentration a mechanism consistent with above findings has been proposed in the relevant section of this thesis. TLC and conventional (spot test) methods were used for the verification of oxidation products of sugars. The main products were formic acid and arabinonic acids which were detected in the oxidation of all sugars (Galactose, Fructose, Maltose and Lactose). The other respective acids of each sugar were identified as galacturonic, 1 fructuronic, malturic and lacturic acid by Fab mass, H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectroscopy. C 6 H12O6 + 2 MnO4 + − ⎯H ⎯→ C5 H10O6 + HCOOH + 2 MnO3 Galactose / Fructose Arabinonic acid + − − Formic acid +2 C 12 H 22O11 + 4 MnO4 + H 2O ⎯H /⎯ → 2C5 H10O6 + 2 HCOOH + 4 MnO3 ⎯ Hg ⎯ Maltose / Lactose C 6 H12O6 + 2 MnO4 Arabinonic acid + − Maltose / Lactose Formic acid ⎯H ⎯→ C6 H10O7 + H 2O + 2 MnO3 − galacturonic / fructuronic acid Galactose / Fructose C12 H 22O11 + 4 MnO4 − − + +2 ⎯H /⎯ → 2C12 H18O13 + 2 H 2O + 4 MnO3 ⎯ Hg ⎯ − malturic/ lacturic acid The reactions pathways leading to the formation of above acids have been proposed by presenting four schemes in relevant section.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.