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پروفیسر محب الحسن

پروفیسر محب الحسن مرحوم
گزشتہ مہینے ملک کے ممتاز مورخ اور مشہور معلم جناب پروفیسر محب الحسن کا انتقال ۹۰ برس کی عمر میں ہوگیا۔ اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
مرحوم نے تاریخ ٹیپو سلطان کے مصنف کی حیثیت سے بڑی شہرت حاصل کی وہ اس موضوع پر سند کا درجہ رکھتے تھے، ان کی کتاب ’’کشمیر سلاطین کے عہد میں‘‘ بھی کشمیرکی تاریخ میں بڑی وقیع خیال کی جاتی ہے۔ انہوں نے اگرچہ کم لکھا تاہم اپنی بلند پایہ کتابوں اور اہم تحریروں کی وجہ سے وہ نامور اور اچھے مصنفوں میں شمار کیے جاتے ہیں۔
پروفیسر محب الحسن نے لکھنؤ میں تعلیم حاصل کرنے کے بعد لندن یونیورسٹی سے تاریخ میں بی اے آنرز کیا، وہاں سے واپسی کے بعد ان کی طویل زندگی کا آغاز کلکتہ یونیورسٹی سے ہوا جہاں انہوں نے ۴۲؁ء سے ۵۶؁ء تک اسلامی تاریخ و تہذیب کا درس دیا۔ ۵۶؁ء سے ۶۳؁ءتک وہ مسلم یونیورسٹی کے شعبہ تاریخ کے ریڈر رہے۔ پھر جامعہ ملیہ اسلامیہ میں پروفیسر اور شعبہ تاریخ کے صدر کی حیثیت سے ۷۰؁ء تک سرگرم عمل رہے اور آخر میں وہ کشمیر یونیورسٹی کے شعبہ تاریخ کے صدر مقرر ہوئے اور ۷۴؁ء تک وہاں درس و تدریس میں مشغول رہے۔
ان کے وسیع علمی و تعلیمی تجربات سے مختلف اداروں اور تنظیموں کو بڑا فائدہ پہنچا۔ بنگال کی ریجنل ریکارڈ سروے کمیٹی کے وہ اہم رکن تھے۔ آثار قدیمہ کی ایک اہم کمیٹی سے بھی ان کا تعلق رہا۔ حکومت ہند نے ایک وفد امریکہ اور برطانیہ میں تعلیم عامہ کے جائزہ کے لیے روانہ کیا تھا، اس کے آٹھ رکنی وفد میں بھی شامل تھے۔ انہوں نے انڈین ہسٹری کانگریس اور پنجاب ہسٹری کانگریس کے شعبہ قرون وسطیٰ کی صدرارت بھی کی۔ کلکتہ کی ایران سوسائٹی کے وہ اساسی رکن تھے، اس کے نائب صدر اور سوسائٹی...

نصاب سازی میں تربیتی واخلاقی جہات: عصری ترجیحات اور فقہ السیرۃ

For the development of Muslim society it is necessary that its people should be trained on the basis of Islamic teachings. This could not be possible until we design a curriculum of seerah which is according to the contemporary needs of character building. The purpose of designing such curriculum is to train our youth in such a way that they would be able not only to take advantage from our rich tradition but also they are well prepared to hold the leadership of the country. We have to keep in mind, while designing seerah curriculum, that it is not revealed. Infact we have to design it according to the needs of hour. If we keep in consideration the ideological and contemporary requisites than we would be able to get the desired results. Islam provides basic principals in this regard. Following these instructions we would be able to design a curriculum which produced the required results.

Genetics of Learning Disability

Learning disability also referred as learning disorder or learning difficulty, is a classification characterized mainly by the person’s difficulty in learning and meeting milestones resulting in diverse etiology and patho-physiology. These disorders can make it difficult for a person to learn quickly or in the same manner as someone who is not affected by a learning disability. Usually these disorders are outcome of defects in brain’s ability to receive and process information. People with a learning disability have trouble performing specific skills or completing tasks if left to figure things out by themselves or if taught in conventional ways. Learning disabilities tends to run in families; therefore genetics is believed to be one of the culprits. However, the form of learning disability in parents may appear slightly different in child. A parent who has a writing disorder may have a child with an expressive language disorder which indicates that there may not be a direct link, but a general brain dysfunction may be inherited. The objective of the present study was to identify and characterize genetic mutations responsible for various forms of learning disabilities which will enable many families to get more appropriate diagnostic investigations and the possibility of understanding the cause of disability in the child. In this study a total of 35 inbred families were identified and sampled from various regions of Pakistan suffering with range of learning disabilities including microcephaly (20 families), dyslexia (14 families) and stuttering (1 family). All analyzed families were consanguineous and of Pakistani origin. For the identification of key genetic variants in families suffering with learning disability linkage analysis, genome xx wide SNP analysis and copy number variation were performed, which lead to the characterization of two known mutations c.9557C>G and c.3978G>A and one novel mutation c.6131C>T ASPM gene, mutations in this gene are reported to be the most common cause of microcephaly in Pakistan. An enhancer element was also found in one of the families suffering with mild form of microcephaly. This regulatory region is present 1.2 Mb downstream to ASPM gene which loops back to allow transcription of gene. This enhancer is present in region which is deleted in all affected individuals of the family. This regulatory region is a cis acting element and possesses c.FOS and HeyI elements which are complementary to ASPM promoter. In a genome wide linkage scan of an apparently X linked family suffering with speech disorder, a risk locus for stuttering in Pakistani families at 18p11.32-11.31 is mapped which contains seven candidate genes but no mutation is found so far. In two families with autosomal recessive dyslexia four candidate loci for dyslexia at 2p, 1p, 2q and 4q were also found by Affymetrix SNP 6. The present data extends our knowledge and understanding of the genetic and molecular spectrum of learning disabilities. There are many disorders associated with congenital defects to learn cognitive behaviors and it is necessary to setup a correct diagnosis to avoid unnecessary and ineffective treatment options. Knowledge of specific risk factors may improve our ability to design proper strategies to cope with the impact of disease.
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