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شرم الشیخ سے قاہرہ واپسی

شرم الشیخ سے قاہرہ واپسی

دس بارہ گھنٹے کی طویل مسافت کے بعد شرم الشیخ سے قاہرہ پہنچے ۔کانفرس کے مندوبین مختلف مقامات پر بس سے اترتے گئے ۔دکتورمجید،دکتورہ رعشہ،دکتورہ شائمہ، دکتوریحی ٰ ایک ساتھ اترے ۔دکتورہ مونا جو الازہر یونیورسٹی میں اردو کی استاد ہیں جنھوں نے ڈاکٹر مبارک علی کی کتاب پاکستانی معاشرے میں گھٹن اور خواتین کے استحصال پر اپنا مقالہ پڑھا تھا ،جس پر سوال و جواب کے سیشن میں میری طرف سے شدید تنقیدی گفتگو ہوئی تھی اور کانفرس کے باقی ایام میں و ہ مجھ سے کنی کتراتی تھیں، نے بھی آج بس سے اترتے ہوئے چہرے پر خفیف سی مسکراہٹ لا کر آواز دی ’’اﷲ حافظ یا دکتورالطاف‘‘ دکتورہ بسنت کا گھر بھی ہماری رہائش سے پہلے آیا ،انھوں نے مجھے دکتورمحمود کے حوالے کیا اور خود اگلے دن شام کو ملنے کا وعدہ کر کے بس سے اتر گئیں ۔دکتورہ ایمان کو لینے ان کے بھائی وقت پر نہ پہنچ سکے تو ہمارے ساتھ ٹیکسی میں سوار ہو گئیں ۔ایمان کا گھر عسکری فلیٹس میں تھا جہاں قدرے خوشحال لوگ رہتے تھے ،میں نے پوچھا کہ آپ کے شوہر فوج میں ہیں ؟اس نے کہا نہیں وہ سعودی عرب میں ملازمت کر رہے ہیں ۔باقی عربوں کی نسبت مصری زیادہ ہنر مند اور جفا کش ہوتے ہیں ۔ان کا المیہ یہ ہے کہ دورِ فراعنہ سے لے کر عصرِحاضر تک مطلق العنانی اور مارشل لائی طرز حکمرانی نے حاکموں کو مالدار اور عام مصریوں کو غریب تر بنا دیا ہے ۔

استنباط احکام میں حضرت عائشہ کا منہج قرآن کریم کی روشنی میں

In this article an effort has been made to describe Hazrat ‘฀ishah (R. A) ’s methodology of derivation of Ahk฀m from Holy Quran. Holy Quran and Sunnah of Holy Prophet (S. A. W) is basic source of Islamic Shar฀‘ah. Hazrat ‘฀ishah Sidd฀qah (R. A) was the wife of the Holy Prophet (S. A. W), and the daughter of Hazrat Ab฀ Bakr (R. A). She spent her time in learning and acquiring knowledge of the two most important sources of Islam, the Qur'an and the Sunnah of His Prophet (S. A. W). Hazrat ‘฀ishah (R. A) narrated 2210 Ah฀d฀th out of which 174 Ah฀d฀th are commonly agreed upon by Bukh฀ri and Muslim. She was an ardent and zealous student of Islamic jurisprudence. She has not only described Ah฀d฀th and reported her observations of events, but interpreted them for derivation of Ahk฀m. Umm Al-Mu’min฀n Hazrat ‘฀ishah (R. A) is a great scholar and interpreter of Islam, providing guidance to even the greatest of the Companions (R. A) of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (S. A. W). She has not only described Ah฀d฀th and reported her observations of events, but interpreted them for derivation of Ahk฀m. Whenever necessary, she corrected the views of the greatest of the Companions of the Holy Prophet (S. A. W). It is thus recognized, from the earliest times in Islam, that about one-fourth of Islamic Shar฀‘ah is based on reports and interpretations that have come from Hazrat ‘฀ishah (R. A). As a teacher she had a clear and persuasive manner of speech. Hazrat ‘฀ishah (R. A) is a role model for women. She taught Islam many people. She was an authority on many matters of Islamic Law, especially those concerning women.

Performance Improvement of Parallel Sparse Matrix-Vector Product on Pc Cluster

The efficient parallelization of sparse matrix-vector product (SMVP) is of prime importance in scientific computing. To achieve this on a distributed memory computers, we concentrate on minimizing the inter-processor communication, achieving a good balance of workload, overlapping communication with computation along with optimizing single processor performance. The thesis consists of two parts presenting the optimization and improvement of sparse matrix-vector multiplication performance on single as well as multi processors. For the performance improvement of SMVP on a single scalar processor, we propose two sparse storage formats, namely the grouped compressed row storage with permutation (GCRSP) and the blocked compressed row storage with permutation (BCRSP). The proposed formats are designed to efficiently exploit the benefits of blocking such as reduced indirect addressing, increased spatial and temporal locality along with eliminating the corresponding overheads. For the good load balancing and low communication cost, reordering of sparse matrices according to their sparsity structure is highly important. For this purpose we proposed reordering based partitioning strategies that tend to exploit sparsity of input matrix presenting the balanced load distribution along with the reduced communication cost. It has been observed that GCRSP improves the performance over simple compressed row storage (CRS) and compressed row storage with permutation (CRSP) with an average of 16% and 25%, respectively. Moreover, due to blocking in BCRSP, the performance improvements of an average of 32%, 41% and 20% are observed over CRS, CRSP and GCRSP respectively. Likewise, the proposed partitioning models permuted row column matrix produce an average of 49% better load balancing and 14% better communication than the corresponding naïve row/column and checker board models. Moreover, they produce same level of balanced load and an average of 78% better communication than the corresponding balanced naïve partitioning i.e. row/column block and balanced checker board (BCH) models. On the whole an average of 30% performance gain for parallel SMVP is achieved by using BCRSP format along with permuted row partitioning over the implementation using CRS format with naïve row partitioning using cluster of eight processors.
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