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زندگی میں عمل کی اہمیت

زندگی میں عمل کی اہمیت
زندگی میں عمل کی اہمیت کی وضاحت کچھ اس طرح ہے عمل کے بغیر تصویر زیست ممکن ہی نہیں۔ زندگی حرکت و عمل کا دوسرا نام ہے اور بے عملی یا جمودکا دوسرا نام موت ہے۔ عمل سے زندگی کا بگاڑ ہے،عمل ہی سے زندگی سنورتی ہے، زندگی جنت بھی عمل سے ہی بنتی ہے اور اس عمل ہی کی وجہ سے جہنم بنتی ہے۔ جام زندگی کے دوام کا راز گر دشِ پیہم میں پوشیدہ ہے، بے عملی نہ صرف انسان کوسست ،کاہل اور کمزور بناتی ہے بلکہ بے یقین اور بزدل بھی بناتی ہے۔ اس کے برعکس عمل انسان کومستعد، معتمد اور معزز بناتا ہے۔ باعمل اور محنتی لوگوں کو اپنی ذات پر اعتماد اور بھروسا ہوتا ہے۔ جب زندگی میں عمل پیہم کی عادت پڑ جاتی ہے تو اس میں اعتماد اور بھروسہ شامل ہو جا تا ہے۔ اور یہی اعتمادان سے بڑے بڑے کارہائے نمایاں انجام دلواتا ہے اور ان کو ترقی اور خوشحالی کے زینے پر چڑھاجاتا ہے بے عمل انسان میں ایک قسم کی بزدلی اور مایوسی پیدا ہو جاتی ہے۔ جو اس کے جسم و جاں کو مزید زنگ لگا دیتی ہے نتیجتاً سست ہو جا تا ہے اور پھر اس کے لیے زندگی میں مشکلات اور پریشانیوں کا درواز ہ و اہوجا تا ہے اور اس کے حوصلے پست اور روح پژمردہ ہو جاتی ہے۔
جو انسان صاحب عمل ہوتا ہے وہ اپنے کسی کام کے لیے دوسرے کا محتاج نہیں ہوتا وہ اپنا کام خود کرتا ہے اور اس سے وہ مسرت و شادمانی حاصل کرتا ہے۔ اس سے نہ صرف یہ کہ وہ دوسروں کا شرمندہ احسان نہیں ہوتا۔ بلکہ مسرت عمل بھی حاصل کرتا ہے۔ حضور صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلم مجسم عمل تھے اور اپنا کام خود اپنے دستِ...

''قانون بین الاقوام کی بنیادیں عہد اسلامی میں''ایک تحقیقی جائزہ '' Foundations of International Law in the Islamic era '' (An Exploratory review)

Human nature has become collectivist. And man's survival is in living together and fulfilling the necessities of life through mutual cooperation. As a result, a system of mutual relation is formed; the state has relation with the other state just as the individual has relations with the individual. If there is no balance and harmony in this relationship, then mutual conflict and tension is natural. In fact, international law has its beginnings from the Islamic era. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) conveyed the universal message of the Islamic State throughout the world through his foreign Strategy and diplomatic letters. Away from the concept of globalization, the importance of foreign relations has become more important in modern times. Therefore, just as it is necessary for the Islamic state to harmonize with the world conditions and events according to the requirements of the modern era, it is also necessary for the Islamic state to keep its ideological position in mind in all situations. So that the foreign strategy of the Islamic State is established on strong foundations and its principles are formulated in the light of International Law and Sharia. Keywords: International Law, Foreign Policy, Foundations, Islamic era 

Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes, Their Associated Bacteria and Toxins on the Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Brinjal

Research was conducted on two important groups of nematodes plant parasitic nematodes (RKNs) and insect parasitic nematodes (entomopathogenic nematodes). Eggplants (Solanum melongena L.) are the most seriously affected by Meloidogyne incognita. Entomopathogenic nematodes i.e. Steinernema glaseri, S. asiaticum, Heterohabditis indica and H. bacteriophora were evaluated at different time of application against M. incognita for invasion, development and reproduction of M. incognita. In a life cycle study, S. asiaticum and H. bacteriophora were proved more effective in influencing the life cycle of RKNs at all application times than S. glaseri and H. indica. However application of entomopathogenic nematodes before application of M. incognita proved more effective than with and after the application of root knot nematodes. S. asiaticum and H. bacteriophora delayed penetration of nematode juveniles (J2) into roots of brinjal. Cells and toxins of and Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp. proved nematoxic to M. incognita. Higher concentrations of bacterial cells suspensions and toxins were more effective in suppression of hatching of eggs and immobilization of juveniles than the lower concentrations. Percentage inhibition of eggs and juvenile’s immobilization of M. incognita increased with increase in concentration. At concentration of 4x10 7 cells/ml, Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp. cell suspensions completely prevented egg hatching of M. incognita at 48 hrs exposure time. Bacterial cell suspensions and bacterial toxins equally inhibited egg hatching and immobilized juveniles. Bacterial cell suspensions and toxins of Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp. caused more than 90% immobilization of juveniles. The persistence effectiveness of bacterial cell suspensions and toxins in soil were evaluated up to 7, 14 and 21 days against M. incognita and determined that Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp. were effective in suppressing number of galls, number of females, egg masses and reproduction factors after 7 days of application followed by 14, 21 days of application. The efficacy of bacteria and toxins decreased in the soil over long period of time. These bacteria and their metabolites can be stored in vitro on room temperature up to the period of 5 months. Protective and curative effects of Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp. and their toxins on root-knot nematodes were also studied on nematode development parameter, number of females and reproduction factors. All treatments proved effective as comparedto the control. Protective effect of Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp. and their toxins at standard concentrations were more effective in controlling the number of females and reproduction factor of root knot nematodes than their curative effect. Compatibility and the combined action of bacteria (Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp.) and toxins with bio-products (abamectin, emamectin and azadirachtin) against M. incognita were also evaluated. The results of the study showed that the combined use of bacterial cell suspensions and abamectin significantly reduced the population of M. incognita and have synergistic effect with each other.
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