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ڈینگی بخار قابلِ علاج ہے

ڈینگی بخار قابل علاج ہے
انسان جب سے منصہ شہود پر جلوہ گر ہوا ہے نشیب و فراز اور افراط و تفریط اس کا مقدر رہے ہیں۔ کہیں مسرتوں اور خوشیوں نے اس کا ساتھ دیا ہے تو کہیں غم و اندوہ کی بھیا نک وادیاں اس کا مسکن رہی ہیں،کبھی اس کے دل و دماغ خوش و خرم ہوتے ہیں اورکبھی افسردگی اور پژمردگی کی تپش اس کے سہانے خوابوں کو ملیا میٹ کر دیتی ہے، ان متنوع حالات سے انسان کو پالا پڑتا رہتا ہے۔ اور پھر حالات بدلتے رہتے ہیں اور مشکلات آسانیوں کا لباس زیب تن کر لیتی ہیں۔
رنج سے خوگر ہوا انساں تو مٹ جاتا ہے رنج
مشکلیں اتنی پڑیں مجھ پہ کہ آساں ہو گئیں
در دوالم کا ستایا ہوا انسان آج کل پھر ایک بیماری جس کوڈینگی بخار کے نام سے یاد کیا جاتا ہے کی لپیٹ میں ہے۔ یہ بخار 1775 میں افریقہ ،شمالی امریکہ اور ایشیاء میں پراسرار طور پرنمودار ہوا، اس بخار کا سبب مادہ مچھر ہوتی ہے جو کاٹتی ہے تو بخار ہو جاتا ہے۔ اس بخار کے پیراسائیٹس کو پلازموڈیم کہتے ہیں۔ یہ مادہ مچھر طلوع آفتاب اور غروب آفتاب کے وقت عروج و شباب پر ہوتی ہے اور پھر اس کے حملے شدید ہو جاتے ہیں۔ یہ مادہ مچھر ایک اعلیٰ ترین نسل سے منسوب کی جاتی ہے جو گندے پانی وغیرہ کو پسند نہیں کرتی بلکہ خوشنما، سرسبز پھولوں، پھلوں والے پودوں اور درختوں پر ڈیرہ جماتی ہے، اس کی حکومت زیادہ سے زیادہ دو ہفتے ہوتی ہے اور پھر ختم ہوجاتی ہے۔
قرآنِ پاک میں ارشادِ باری تعالیٰ ہے’’ کہ جب میں بیمار ہوتا ہوں تو وہ ( اللہ تعالیٰ) مجھے شفاء دیتا ہے‘‘ (پارہ-19 سورۃ الشعرائ) اسی طرح حدیث پاک میںارشاد رسالت مآب صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ...

The Influence of Covid-19 on Indonesian Investment

The COVID-19 outbreak has had a serious impact on almost all countries in the world, including Indonesia. In response to this case, various policies began to emerge. Starting from the implementation of work from home, social distancing and physical distancing, until the implementation of large-scale social restrictions (PSBB). Overseas investors are busy focusing their finances on the needs of their respective countries to fight the virus. Domestic investment (PMDN) is also predicted to experience a slowdown. The social distancing policy resulted in the community not being able to run the economic system well, especially in the Indonesian investment sector so that the perokoniman namely investment in Indonesia decreased and there were some delays in investment by other countries in Indonesia.

Groundwater Management Using Vertical Electrical Sounding Survey and Tubewell Auditing at Farmers ’ Fields

Groundwater quality is deteriorating due to ongoing heavy pumping of groundwater in Punjab, Pakistan. A geoelectrical resistivity survey study using Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were conducted at Chaj Doab (land between river Jehlum and Chenab, Pakistan) and Rachna Doab (land between river Chenab and Ravi, Pakistan), with the objectives to locate low salinity groundwater aquifer layers for tubewell installation, tubewells auditing and to categorize different low salinity groundwater zones. The resistivity meter (ABEM Terrameter SAS 4000, Sweden) was used to collect the VES data by employing Schlumberger electrode configuration, with the half current electrodes spacings (AB/2) ranging from 2 to 180 m and the potential electrodes (MN) from 1 to 40 m. The field data were interpreted in terms of resistivity and the corresponding thickness of various sub-surface layers using “Interpex IX1D” computer software. This research study was completed in three phases to achieve its specific objectives in each phase. In the first phase six sites were selected to with three sites in each Doab. A total of ten VES surveys were conducted with three soundings at one site, two at other site and the rest of four sites were surveyed by single VES each. The outputs of the VES interpretation were verified using borehole data at all these six sites. The bore hole data of lithological and groundwater samples were collected from ground surface to 30 m depth with an interval of 1.5 m at all these sites. The correlation between VES data and borehole data was found to be in close agreement with each other. The combination of the VES data with the borehole data provided useful information on subsurface hydrogeologic conditions for tubewell installation and for further geoelectrical studies in the next phase. It was observed that the groundwater in the aquifers was fresh having EC < 1.5 dS/m with geoelectrical resistivity greater than 45 Ω-m, between 25 to 45 Ω-m was marginally-fit and less than 25 Ω-m was un-fit for irrigation. The results also showed that the effective depth of the current penetration ranged between 1/8 th to 1/2 of the outer current electrode spacings (AB/2). Than in the second phase six more sites were selected with three sites in each Doab to audit the salinity of groundwater extracted by existing tubewells. These sites were also subjected to VES surveys near to existing tubewells to find the depths and thickness of various subsurface layers having different salinities of groundwater. A total of 21 wells were audited in this study. Out these 21 tubewells, 8 were in un-fit aquifers layer, 7 in marginally fit aquifers, 4 in fit groundwater aquifers and two partially in fresh-saline layers. Nine tubewells are working fine and twelve need careful attentions. Out of these twelve tubewells three tubewells could be abandoned as only be used for shandying. Two tubewells were using extra energy by deep extraction of groundwater without any quality benefit. The other seven can be usefully converted from saline and marginally-fit to fresh groundwater wells by changing their depths. In the third phase, a total of ninety VES interpreted data spatially distributed over Chaj and Rachna Doabs was used, including ten of the 1 st and six of the 2 nd soundings with 43 in Chaj and 47 in Rachna Doab. The outputs (VES interpretation) of subsurface layers with resistivities and thickness were presented in contour maps and 3-D views by using SURFER software. The zones with low salinity groundwater either in shallow or deep aquifer were differentiated from brackish and saline groundwater. A total of 102 groundwater samples from nearby hand pumps and tubewells at different depths were also collected to verify previously developed correlation (1 st phase) and to get more closed approximation between the aquifer resistivity of VES and the Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the groundwater over the study area with R 2 =0.86.
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