Latest Entries
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Explore Further
مناقب
مناقب
ٹُر گئے کر کے مندڑا حال
وسدے ہاسے سجناں نال
سجناں باہجھوں دل کرلاندا
رو رو ہاڑے ترلے پاندا
ماہی جلدی مکھ وکھال
ٹُر گئے کر کے مندڑا حال
ESTIMATING PREVALENCE OF CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME AND SEVERITY USING BOSTON CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME QUESTIONNAIRE AMONG DEXTEROUS POPULATION
Objective: The study was designed to estimate the prevailing percentage of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) using Boston Carpal tunnel syndrome questionnaire (BCTSQ) in the dexterous population and to assess its severity. Study Design: This was a Cross-sectional survey. Study Settings and Participants: The study setting was Karachi where 226 Dexterous workers including; musicians, typist, dentists, butchers office workers, working for more than 1 year were recruited using non-probability convenience sampling. Outcome Measures: Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire. Results: This study enrolled 226 participants, 140 (61.9%) of which were males and 86 (38.1%) were females with mean age of 34.05±10.93. Out of the total 25 were diagnosed with CTS in which, 10 (40%) were males and 15 (60%) were females with mean age of 37.60±14.41. Hence, the prevalence of CTS among dexterous population was found to be 11.06%. Conclusion: The results of our study revealed that CTS is a prevalent neuromuscular disorder among dexterous population. The severity level varies among the population. More epidemiological studies are required to get the approximate value to promote ergonomic awareness.Studies on Antihyperlipidemic and Vasomodulating Effects of Eruca Sativa, Erucin, Hedera Helix and Hederacoside C
Aerial parts of Eruca sativa (E. sativa) and leaves of Hedera helix (H. helix) are popular remedies for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in humans. Erucin and hederacoside C (HDC) are the important constituents of E. sativa and H. helix, respectively. Literature lacks pharmacological investigation on these plants and the constituents in hyperlipidemia and hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the E. sativa and H. helix, erucin and HDC effect in hyperlipidemia, hyperlipidemiainduced vascular dysfunction and hypertension. Crude extracts of both plants (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg), erucin (1 and 3 mg/kg) and HDC (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) were tested in tyloxapol and high fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Biochemical evaluation of lipid profile was carried out on blood collected from all groups. Histopathological and vascular dysfunction studies were performed on aortae isolated from normal, hyperlipidemic and treated rats. The antihypertensive effect was investigated in both normotensive and hypertensive rats. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured in both groups. The mechanisms were investigated using isolated rat aorta and atria. Both extracts and compounds significantly reduced total cholesterol and triglycerides (p < 0.001), compared to lovastatin in tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemia. In high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia, both extracts significantly (p < 0.001) reduced TC, LDL and increased (p < 0.05) HDL levels at higher dose. Erucin and HDC also significantly (p < 0.001) decreased TC and LDL levels. Extract of H. helix was more potent (p < 0.001) in decreasing the atherogenic index in both hyperlipidemic models, compared to E. sativa. The data thus shows that extracts of both plants and compounds are antihyperlipidemic agents. Further in-vitro studies were carried out to explore the role of these agents on vascular endothelium disruption (dysfunction). The thoracic aortae from HFD rats were used for histopathological and vascular reactivity studies. Extract of E. sativa reversed endothelial dysfunction in HFD-induced hyperlipidemic rats in-vitro by inhibiting macrophages infiltration and reducing endothelial disruption. Extract of H. helix markedly preserved endothelial dysfunction by improving the architecture of vascular wall. Both compounds also improved endothelial disruption. The vascular dysfunction xi study in the aortic rings from hyperlipidemic rats treated with both extracts and compounds showed that acetylcholine caused complete relaxation against phenylephrine (PE) precontractions. This indicates that extract and compounds are effective remedies in improving disrupted vascular architecture due to hyperlipidemia. To see effect on blood pressure, extracts, fractions and compounds were tested in normotensive, normotensive atropinized and hypertensive rats. Extract of E. sativa and fractions, dose-dependently decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP) that was significantly (p < 0.001) reduced with atropine (1 mg/kg) pretreatment in normotensive rats. Extract of E. sativa and fractions also decreased MAP in hypertensive rats. The effects of H. helix extract on MAP in both normotensive and hypertensive rats were greater than E. sativa. The antihypertensive effect of extract and fractions of H. helix remained unchanged in the presence of atropine in normotensive rats excluding the involvement of muscarinic receptors. Erucin and HDC also induced antihypertensive effect in normotensive rats (unaffected by atropine) and hypertensive rats in-vivo. The underlying mechanisms of antihypertensive effect of extracts and compounds were further investigated in invitro experiments in rat aorta and atria. In rat aorta, extract and fractions of E. sativa produced vasorelaxant effect that was partially inhibited with L-NAME and atropine pretreatment indicating role of muscarinic receptor-linked nitric oxide (NO) pathway. This effect of extract and fractions was also partially eliminated with denudation of endothelium and aortic rings from hypertensive rats, also suggesting role of vascular endothelium. The vasorelaxant effect of n-hexane fraction was least, indicating that it might be due to presence of vasocontractile constituents, which may have role in vasomodulation. Erucin also produced incomplete relaxation in normotensive rat aorta, suggesting that it may be one of the constituents involved in vasomodulation. The vasorelaxant effect of H. helix and HDC was inhibited with L-NAME pretreatment and denudation but did not change with atropine pretreatment excluding role of muscarinic receptors. The extracts of both plants, erucin and HDC produced vasorelaxant effect against high K+ precontractions like verapamil. Extract of E. sativa and H. helix, fractions and compounds suppressed PE peak formation; erucin was less potent than HDC. In isolated at atrial strips, E. sativa and erucin induced negative inotropic and chronotropic effects with a positive inotropic effect by the nhexane fraction, which was not affected by atropine pretreatment, suggesting that cardiac muscarinic receptors are not involved. The extract, fractions of H. helix and xii HDC caused depression of force and rate of atrial contraction which remained unchanged in the presence of atropine. To have possible chemical profile of the extract, spectrophotometric and HPLC analysis were carried out that showed the presence of quercetin and erucin in crude extract of E. sativa and HDC in H. helix. According to acute toxicity test, crude extract of E. sativa and H. helix were safe at 3 and 5 g/kg, respectively. In conclusion, the findings of present study indicated that E. sativa and H. helix are effective antihyperlipidemic and antihypertensive remedies. Both extracts and important constituent’s erucin and hederacoside C significantly reduced TC and LDL and preserved the endothelial disruption evident by histopathological and vascular dysfunction studies in-vitro. The preservation of endothelial dysfunction is due to decrease in LDL. The antihypertensive effect of E. sativa and H. helix extracts is possibly due to vasodilatory and cardiac effects. The endothelium-independent mechanisms involved inhibitory effect on calcium influx and release. Endothelium-dependent mechanisms involved muscarinic receptor linked NO mediated pathway. Erucin acted through endothelium-independent mechanism mediated by calcium antagonism. E. sativa and erucin showed negative inotropic and chronotropic effects, possible due to calcium channel blockade. Antihypertensive effect of H. helix extract and HDC are mediated through NO release inhibiting calcium release from stores and entry via VDCs also decrease cardiac rate and force of contractions. This data provide pharmacological base to medicinal use of E. sativa and H. helix in hyperlipidemia and hypertension. The presence of erucin in E. sativa and HDC in H. helix further support the findings and this study identified erucin and HDC as important constituents for the management of hyperlipidemia and hypertension.Journals by Discipline
Journals by Language
Journals by Starting Year
Journal by Frequency
Journals by Cities
Journals by Provinces
Journals by Countries
Recent Searches
Militant groups مولانا حشمت علی Contemporary economic systems islamic embryology huqooq betion k جدید سائنس اور مغربی تہذیب operation Physical Capital ابن ہشام الحاد امام ابن عربی Arabic prose and poetry Dna دجال covid-19 سد زاعح Pakistan-China Relations tension-type headache الامر آلوسی Metaphors فیض+الباری+شرح+فتح+الباری الكلمات المفتاحية: البعثات التعليمية Divergent+traditions Harassment 2010 ماہنامہ فیضان Faisalabad Reawakening Movement Institution Role شعر حازم رشك المقال الدینی urdu essays سبیل minorities Religious Texts al tārīkh al kabīr خاندانی نظام میں تربیت اخلاق: سیرت النبیﷺ کے تناظر میں فیض الباری شرح فتح الباری Divergent traditions Sliding mode control (SMC) مولوی Sindh categorizing and organizing زیور Peace Process Owner ship شہر دوحہ social reforms Qura Saba-Ashra Tafsīr Rūḥ Al Ma’Ānī