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الفصل الثاني: أشعار نازك الملائكة وبروين شاکر(المختلفة)

الفصل الثاني: أشعار نازك الملائكة وبروين شاکر(المختلفة)

 سأتحدث في ھذا الفصل عن أشعار نازک الملائکۃ وبروین شاکر المختلفۃ، ولا أقصد من ذلک بأن لیست ھُناک متشابھات أبداً في ھذہ القصائد، ولکن أقصد من ذلک أن الإختلافات أکثر من المتشابھات، وأرید أن ألفت ذھن القاریء إلی شيء أو موضوع معین، ولکن الشاعرتين مختلفتان في الرأي، وتحکمان علی شعور معین بوجھات نظرھما، والمثال علی ذلک أن نازک الملائکۃ في قصیدتھا ’’أغنیۃ للحیاۃ‘‘ تعتبر الحب مزیجا من السعادۃ والتعاسۃ، ولکن الشاعرۃ بروین شاکر في غزلھا "الموت في العشق لیس سهلاً ’’ عشق میں بھی مرنا اتنا آسان نہیں‘‘ تقول بأن الحب ھو سعادۃ وسعادۃ فقط دون التعاسۃ، والأمثلۃ کثیرۃ علی المتشابھات والإختلاف في قصائدھما، ولکن لم أتطرق إلی جمیع أشعارھما، فسأحاول أن أوضح جزءا أو بعض أشعارھما المختلفۃ في ھذا الفصل، وھي أنني سآخذ قصیدۃ لنازک الملائکۃ وقصیدۃ لبروین، وسأقوم بمقارنتھما، وأعطیت الأسماء الخیالیۃ من تلقاء نفسي لکلا القصیدتین (قصیدۃ لنازک الملائکۃ وقصیدۃ لبروین شاکر) ھکذا۔



[1] الملائکۃ، نازک، ديوان نازك الملائكة ، المجلد الأول(ص ۔365)

[2] الضوء

[3] الصفاء

[4] القلاع: الحصن ا الممتنع في الجبل۔

[5] کأس (کؤوس)۔

[6] قلت: تعرضت للھلاک۔والمقصود هنا العيون

[7] البوار: الخراب، الھلاک، خُسران۔

[8] شاکر، پروین، خوشبو، مراد پبلیکیشنز ۔۔۔۔(ص 142)۔

[9] پیراہن کا مخفف، کپڑا، پوشاک / اللباس أو القماش

 

 

اسلامی معیشت اور امداد باہمی کا تصور

Islam is the only religion which is complete code of life. The needs of human beings have been felt and addressed properly. In spite of created by only one creator humans are different in their potentials, behavior and attitude. Owing to this difference, the incomes of people are drastically different from each other. As a result, a few people are rich and well off whereas some are poor- being up to sustenance level. Therefore, people cooperate with each other to eliminate the class differences of social strata. In this perspective, Islam has given an invulnerable perfect socio-economic system. For mutual cooperation, Islam has also addressed the issue and suggested different steps such as madharabah, partnership and tenancy. Bedsides Islam has also focused on secondary resources of mutual cooperation and support that are typically related to the personal concern. It includes: sacrifice, gift, free lending and Qarz-e- Hasanah etc. It also reflects that the man gives precedence to congregational matters over his individuality which is an ample example of mutual cooperation. In fact, mutual cooperation is one of those key factors on which the edifice of prosperous society is built. All religions and ideologies have focused and emphasized on the mutual cooperation; however, Islam lays extra emphasis to build a strong and thriving human state.

Respiratory Function Amongst Asymptomatic Hiv Positive and Hiv Negative Clients at Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi

Background: Spirometry is used to asses respiratory function abnormalities. This is usually in reference to a validated normal range unique to a particular gender, race, age, weight and height. Majority of persons are usually asymptomatic until the expected FEV1 has decreased by 50%. Early intervention on the abnormalities even in this asymptomatic group has been shown to retard the rate of pulmonary deterioration. An unpublished audit at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, revealed that majority of newly diagnosed HIV positive persons were admitted at the Critical Care Units with a pulmonary cause which later resulted in poor outcomes. This study explored possible existence of abnormal baseline respiratory function in HIV patients. Objectives: The primary objective was to determine the association between abnormal spirometry and HIV status amongst clients at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical survey comparing prevalence of abnormal spirometry findings across two populations; asymptomatic HIV positive patients and HIV negative subjects. Results: 57%of the HIV positive subjects had abnormal spirometry findings as opposed to 18% of the HIV negative population. 3% of the abnormal spirometry in the HIV population was obstructive airway disease with restrictive and combined constituting 12% and 85% respectively. 64%of subjects with CD4 counts below 200 had abnormal spirometry results. Conclusion: The prevalence of abnormal spirometry findings was higher in the asymptomatic HIV population with worse function for those with CD4 below 200.
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