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فقیر بستی میں تھا

فقیر بستی میں تھا

                ناطق نے ایم فل اردو منہاج یونیورسٹی لاہور سے کیا اور ان کا مقالہ محمد حسین آزاد پر تھا۔ اسی مقالہ کو انہوں نے دوبارہ تھوڑا تبدیل کرکے ایک نئے نام سے شائع کروایا یعنی فقیر بستی میں تھا یہ ایک سوانحی ناول ہے جسے انہوں نے اپنی تخلیقی مہارت کے ذریعے ایک نیا روپ دیا۔ ’’فقیر بستی میں تھا‘‘عکس پبلی کیشنز لاہور نے 2019ء میں چھاپا۔ناطق نے نہایت خوبصورتی سے اس کتاب کو 45 حصوں میں تقسیم کیا ہے اور اپنے ہر ایک عنوان میں آزادزندگی کا پہلو بیان کیا گیا ہے۔کتاب کا انتساب آغا سلمان باقر کے نام لکھاہے۔کتاب نہایت مہارت سے لکھی گئی ہے پڑھتے ہوئے محسوس ہوتا ہے کہ لکھنے کیلئے کہاں کہاں کی خاک چھانی گئی ہوگی۔انہوں نے  آزاد کی شخصیت کے تمام پہلوؤں پر روشنی ڈالی ہے ۔ایسا محسوس ہوتا ہے کہ ناطق کی طرح قاری بھی کتاب پڑھ کر آزاد کا عاشق بن جائے گا۔اس ضمن میں شہناز نقوی لکھتی ہیں :

’’مجھے یوں محسوس ہوا جیسے میں کوئی seasonsدیکھ رہی ہوں ، عمدہ طرز بیان کو پڑھنے والا بھی مولانا آزاد کے ساتھ ساتھ خود کو محسوس کرنے لگتا ہے۔کتاب کا اسلوب اتنا پرکشش ہے کہ قاری کو کہیں بھی بوجھل پن محسوس نہیں ہوتا ورنہ تحقیقی کتب پڑھناذرا مشکل مرحلہ ہوتا ہے۔‘‘(15)

                انہوں نے آزادکی  زندگی کو اس طرح لکھا کہ قاری بھی آزاد کا دیوانہ ہوجائے ناطق نے خود بھی آزاد کی کتاب جب آب حیات پڑھی تھی تو بار بار اس کتاب کو تقریباً چالیس مرتبہ پڑھا،اسی لیے ایم فل اردو میں اس عنوان پہ مقالہ تحریر کرنے کا فیصلہ کیا۔

Conceptualizing Poverty in Capitalism and Islam

This study investigates poverty in Capitalism and Islam in terms of both; as an economic ism and as a living ideology. Capitalism as a living ideology, based on its’ philosophical foundations, eventually yields class conflict, deprivation, discrimination and accumulation of wealth in the hands of a few capitalists. Capitalism as an economic ism has become unpopular in the world not only because of socioeconomic injustices but also due to environmental degradation and losses in biodiversity. Theoretical analysis reveals that the built in mechanism (Demand-Supply) of capitalism is incapable to resolve the issue of poverty effectively. Poverty in Islamic context is a pure economic concept which does not affect the social class system and social values of humans. Furthermore, the measurement concept of poverty in Islam is different from the Capitalism. Poverty has been measured based on the minimum prescribed amount (Nisab) postulated by Islam. Various categories of the poor have been identified while benchmarking the minimum prescribed amount. Keeping into consideration the philosophical foundation of the Capitalism and Islamic Economic System (IES) the study reveals that IES has more potential to resolve the issue of poverty on more fair and equitable basis than the Capitalism.

Antecedents of Customer Retention in Telecom Industry of Pakistan: Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction

Telecom industry of Pakistan has been grown up in recent years despite facing many competitive challenges similar to other industries across the globe. It is still enchanting new entrants to come into play. The purpose of this research is to propose and test a model of customer retention in the Telecom industry of Pakistan. Moreover, the study aims to identify the key determinants of customer retention related to telecom service providers. It investigates the effects of perceived service quality and brand image towards customer retention. This study also shows how mediating variable like customer satisfaction influences the relationship between perceived service quality and brand image towards customer retention. Successful organizations know that the key to triumph lies in their customers. Hence in today's world, the companies who do not provide value to their customers offer an opportunity for the competitors to jump inside and pilfer these customers. Customer satisfaction with company's offerings is often seen as crucial for victory and long-term competitiveness. In the context of relationship marketing, customer satisfaction is often viewed as one of the central determinants of customer retention. Hence, this study was executed with the sample of three hundred and ten customers in the third largest city of Pakistan, Faisalabad. Customers were the network users from both public and private sectors such as universities, banks and shopping malls. Questionnaires were utilized as the research instrument for collecting data. Data were collected through non-probability sampling technique. Regression analysis and Sobel test technique were practiced to test the hypothesized relationship amongst independent, mediating and dependent variables using SPSS. The findings of the result suggest that operators from Telecom Industry must consider that they should focus on the vital and core point of customer retention. This study helps to have deep insights for the managers of telecom industry to check, where do they lack and what are their urgent need for the growth in longer run. As customers are the essential asset for any organization and looking for new customers is relatively difficult task with respect to monetary and time cost associated with it. As, service quality will be ultimate battle field for all operators to retain their subscribers for longer time. As customer retention relies on brand image and service quality of network provider strongly, such reliance is further strengthened with mediating role of customer satisfaction. Thus, every successful organization earns brand image when it satisfies and retains customers through better services. This overall work on retention is going to reinforce the acute signification of customer retention in telecom industry.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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