الحاج شیخ فیروز الدین جاپان والا
افسوس ہے پچھلے مہینے کی ۷؍تاریخ کوسہ پہر کے وقت محترم الحاج شیخ فیروز الدین صاحب جاپان والے ہمیشہ کے لیے رخصت ہوگئے۔مرحوم دہلی کی پنجابی برادری کی بزرگ ترین شخصیت تھے۔ابھی اپریل کے شروع میں کلکتہ جانا ہوا تھا تو معمول کے مطابق ان سے تقریباً روزانہ ہی ملاقات ہوتی تھی ۔کولوٹولہ نمبر ۸۰ بلڈنگ کابڑاحصہ پچھلے سال منہدم ہوگیاتھا، اس لیے اس مرتبہ قیام مدح ہاؤس ۱۶۔ذکریا اسٹریٹ میں ہوا اورمیزبان حاجی قاسم جادوت صاحب تھے۔
کولوٹولہ نمبر ۸۰ کی نسبت سے یہ مکان فاصلے پرہے شیخ صاحب یا پیادہ چل کریہاں تشریف لاتے تھے اوردیرتک بیٹھتے تھے۔بُڑھاپے کی وجہ سے قدرتی طور پر ناتواں تھے لیکن ان کی صحت کی عام رفتار کودیکھ کرکہیں دوردور بھی یہ خیال نہیں ہوتا تھاکہ اس قدر جلد دنیا سے جارہے ہیں۔
آخری ملاقات ۱۸؍ اپریل کی صبح کوہوئی تھی، حسبِ معمول بہت سی باتیں ہوئیں خاص طور پر انسانی اعمال اوران کے نتائج پردل پذیر گفتگو رہی۔مرحوم اس فلسفے پر بھرپور یقین رکھتے تھے کہ انسان جوکچھ کرتاہے اس دنیا میں کسی نہ کسی رنگ میں اس کا بدل ضرورسامنے آتا ہے، وہ مکافاتِ عمل کے اس پہلو پرزیادہ زور دیتے تھے اورباربار کہا کرتے تھے کہ قانونِ مکافات کوصرف آخرت پر چھوڑ کر بے فکر نہ ہوجانا چاہیے۔ان کی باتیں دل چسپ اوراثر انگیز ہواکرتی تھیں۔مجھ سے بے تکلف تھے اس لیے زیادہ کھل کرباتیں کیاکرتے تھے اور قلندرانہ انداز میں کیاکرتے تھے۔ اس روز دورانِ گفتگو مشہور عالم، محدث اورصوفی شیخ عبدالوہاب شعرانی ؒ کے واقعہ کاذکر آگیا جس کوسن کر دیرتک سردھنتے رہے۔میں نے کہاکہ شیخ نے لکھا ہے کہ جس روز میری بیوی ……اکھڑے اکھڑے تلخ وترش لہجے میں مجھ سے بات کرتی ہے تو سمجھ جاتاہوں کہ میں نے ضرور کوئی ایسا عمل کیاہے جس کا...
Islamic Shariah provides a complete code of life, as man can take guidance from Shariah, regarding each and every aspect of his life. Commerce plays a pivot role in human life which has been mentioned time and again in Quran and Hadith. According to one Tradition, Allah has affixed and set 10 parts of sustenance and in these ten parts, nine are in Trade. In Shariah the luminary Islamic scholars and jurists have deputed peculiar and separate subjects with different titles regarding Trade, the most famous and acknowledged are "Kitab-ul-Mutajir" and "Kitab-ul-Biyou". Islam elevates and upgrades those who toil and labour hard, among them the Labourer has prominent state and he is above all among them. According to the sacred utterance of Hazrat Muhammad SAWW: "You should pay the labourer his wages before his sweat dries away”. In the present era, no one can deny this fact that this world has become a global village, therefore new ways and system of commercial are in vogue and being applied besides some traditional ways. Such as Banking System, E-Purchasing, Online shopping and some other modes and means. In these traditional, latest and new trading systems, usually the labourers are being exploited because they are given less poor wages than their rigorous toilsome labour. However in the under discussion article the labourer rights and their utmost implementation in the trade of present era would be reviewed and analyzed in the light of Seerat-ulNabi SAWW.
Fifty inbreds of maize from diverse origin were screened in the growth-chamber and glass-house for seedling parameters under both normal and high temperature regimes. Six parental lines were earmarked on the basis of various agro- physiological seedling traits under high temperature stress. The parental lines were sown in the field using diallel mating design to make all possible cross combinations. The parents, F1’s and their reciprocals were sown in the field in two sets using a triplicate RCBD. Normal irrigations were applied to both sets of experiment. Normal experiment was sown on Feb. 8th, whereas stress experiment was sown on March 8th. Data pertaining to various morpho-physiological parameters were recorded at different crop growth stages and subjected to statistical analysis. Significant mean square values for all the parameters under normal and heat stress environments revealed considerable genetic variability. Scaling tests were performed to check adequacy of data for analyzing additive-dominance model. Under both temperature regeims, all traits except RCI (fully inadequate) were fully adequate to additive-dominance model. Inheritance of all agro-physiological parameters was influenced by overdominant type of genetic effects as male × female interaction was also found significant for all parameters under both temperature regimes. Significant mean square values were observed for GCA & SCA effects under optimal and stress conditions in maize. Existence of highly significant GCA and SCA effects revealed that trait inheritance was controlled by additive, dominance and over-dominance type of genetic attributes under optimal and high temperature regimes. Reciprocal effects were highly significant for DTS, OP, PH, DTM, GDDs to 50 % silking and GDDs to 50 % maturity under optimal environmental conditions, while under stress environment significant reciprocal attributes were expressed by DTS, ELA, OP, PH, GDDs to 50 % silking and GDDs to 50 % maturity, depicting that inheritance of these traits is influenced by maternal or cytoplasmic contents. Magnitude of SCA variance was higher than GCA variance for all studied traits under both temperature regimes, due to which GCA/SCA variance ratio was less than unity indicating that all parameters were controlled by non-additive (dominance & over-dominance) type of genetic effects except leaf osmotic potential, whose inheritance was influenced by partial dominance type of genetic attributes under high temperature. Inbred lines D-103, NCIL-20-4 and NCIL-10-5 were best suited early maturing inbreds under both environments. Inbred lines NCIL-10-5, D-135 and NCIL-20-4 earmarked as high yielding parents under both temperature regimes. Three F1 crosses D-103 × NCIL-30-5, NCIL-20-4 × NCIL-10-5 and NCIL-10-5 × NCIL-30-5 were tagged as best combiners for most of the physiological, grain yield and yield related parameters under both environmental conditions. Heterotic estimates were studied for all traits under normal and high temperature. Under normal and heat stress environment, cross combinations D-103 × NCIL-30-5, NCIL-20-4 × NCIL-10-5 (its reciprocal) and NCIL-20-4 × WA3748 expressed maximal HP heterosis estimates for grain yield. Pioneer hybrid P-1543 used as commercial check to estimate standard heterosis for GPE, 100-KW and grain yield per plant under both environmental conditions. Results revealed cross combinations NCIL-20-4 × NCIL-10-5, its reciprocal and NCIL-10-5 × NCIL-30-5 as best F1’s due to their high performance over commercial hybrid. Under both temperature regimes, all seedling parameters were significantly interrelated with each other except root-shoot ratio. Under optimal and heat stress growth conditions in the field, agronomic parameters showed significant correlation with grain yield except days to 50 % tasseling, days to 50 % silking, ASI and days to 50 % maturity. All physiological parameters showed significant interrelation with grain yield except GDDs to tasseling, silking, GDDs between anthesis-silking and maturity.