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مولانا خلیل الرحمن

مولانا خلیل الرحمن
افسوس کہ مولانا خلیل الرحمن صاحب سابق ناظم ندوۃ العلماء نے ۴؍ فروری ۱۹۳۶؁ء کی شب کو اپنے وطن سہارنپور میں اس دار فانی کو الوداع کہا، مولانائے مرحوم مولانا احمد علی صاحب محدث سہارنپوری (محشی بخاری و تلمیذ مولانا شاہ محمد اسحق دہلوی) کے چشم و چراغ تھے، مولانا احمد علی مرحوم پچھلی صدی کے آخری دور میں ہندوستان کے ان باکمالوں میں تھے جن کی مسندِ درس سے علم دین کی شمع روشن تھی اور تشنگانِ علم اس سرچشمہ سے سیراب ہونے کے لئے سینکڑوں میل کی منزلیں پاپیادہ طے کرکے وہاں تک پہنچتے تھے، مولانا خلیل الرحمن نے علم کے اسی گہوارہ میں آنکھ کھولی اور اپنے والد ماجد کے دامنِ فیض میں تعلیم و تربیت پاکر فارغ التحصیل ہوئے۔
مرحوم ندوۃ العلماء کے دور اول کے محسنین میں سے تھے، مولانا محمد علی مونگیریؒ ناظم ندوۃ العلماء کی معیت میں اس ملی و علمی خدمت میں شریک ہوئے اور آخر تک رہے، مرحوم خوش خلق، متواضع، رحمدل، اور عزیزوں سے دلی محبت فرمانے والے تھے، اتفاق وقت کہ دارالعلوم ندوۃ العلماء کی ہنگامہ خیز اسٹرائک کا واقعہ انہی کے دور نظامت میں پیش آیا تھا، اس نازک وقت اور ناسازگار حالات میں بھی مولانائے مرحوم دارالعلوم کے طلبہ کے ساتھ جس عدیم المثال شفقت و محبت سے پیش آئے، اسکی یاد اس عہد کے فارغ التحصیل علمائے ندوہ کے دلوں میں ہمیشہ کے لئے باقی رہ گئی، اور مدت گزرنے کے بعد انہیں جب کبھی مرحوم سے شرف ملاقات کا موقع حاصل ہوا انھوں نے ان کے دل کو شفقت و محبت سے لبریز پایا ندوۃ العلماء کی خدمات انجام دینے کے علاوہ مرحوم کی زندگی کا ایک اہم کارنامہ صحیح بخاری کے اس نادر نسخہ کی اشاعت ہے، جس پر ان کے والد ماجد کے حواشی ثبت ہیں، یہ...

مزاح کے انسانی نفسیات پر اثرات اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں Effects of humor on human psychology in the light of Islamic teachings

Every branch of art leaves a deep impact on the human psyche, but the immortal fact is that the reason for their creation is also to reduce the tension of the human mind. The most representative theory of humor in philosophy and psychology and even in physics. Is the idea of ​​well-being, comfort or well-being? Broadly speaking, this suggests that humor (which has an obvious physiological effect) has effects on the nervous system and allows different levels of stress to be released. In other words, laughter and good humor have the ability to release stored nervous energy. Humor is included in human nature and man has a strong desire for this thing that there should be such means for him to express joy and expansion. Because through them, man is blessed with mental and physical peace and comfort. In these things, he considers the survival of his self-respect. Islam not only allows humor, sports and entertainment, but also sets rules and regulations within which human beings can fulfill their natural needs. Its cultural traditions should also be propagated. As the head and governor of the Islamic state, the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) made the best arrangements for his state, the taste of the people and their entertainment, and set an example for the rulers that, like other matters, oppression in this not to be taken for granted, fun and humor are part of human nature. He (ﷺ) allowed fun and laughter and He (ﷺ) himself used to be cheerful. Islam admires cheerfulness and cheerfulness, and encourages it so that people can be refreshed and perform their duties in an auspicious manner. Through this paper, it will be clarified that what are the effects of humor on human psychology and what are the teachings of Islam and the Prophet of Islam in this regard. Key Word:    Fine Arts, Humor, Human terms, Human humor

Manipulation of Light Environment to Control Flower Development and Plant Height of Annual Ornamentals

The effects of light environment on flowering and plant height control in annual ornamentals such as Seeds of Moss Rose (Portulaca grandiflora L.) cv. Sundance, Pansy (Viola tricolour hortensis L.) cv. Baby Bingo, Snapdragon (Antirhinum majus L.) cv. Coronette, Petunia (Petunia ´ hybrida Juss.) cv. Dreams, Annual Verbena (Verbena ´ hybrida L.), Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) cv. Resina, Annual Phlox (Phlox drummondii L.) cv. Astoria Magenta, Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.) cv. Florence Blue, Oriental Poppy (Papaver orientale L.) cv. Burning Heart, Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) cv. Scarlet Flax, Zinnia (Zinnia elegans L.) cv. Lilliput, Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cv. Elf, French Marigold (Tagetes Patula L.) cv. Orange Gate, African Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cv. Crush, Cockscomb (Celosia cristata L.) cv. Bombay, Cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus Cav.) cv. Sonata Pink were investigated at the Agricultural Research Institute, Dera Ismail Khan, N.W.F.P. Pakistan during 2004 and 2007. Present research findings expand the duration of growing period for both LDPs and SDPs in their own responsive environment, which can also be extended by raising these cultivars at later dates. Flowering time can be extended by controlling the photoperiod environment. LDPs grown under SD environment took long time to flower. Therefore, non-inductive environment (SD) lengthened the juvenile phase. Similarly, SDPs grown under LD environment took more time to flower as non- inductive environment (LD) stretched the duration of juvenile phase. By combining the findings of experiments one and two plant scheduling technique for year-round production can be efficiently used in ornamental annuals. Year-round production of ornamental annuals can be obtained by incorporating light integral with the day length. LDPs grown under low light intensity (42 and 45 μmol.m -2 .s -1 ) or received low light integrals (40% shade) enhanced floweringinduction time. Similarly, flowering time can also be extended if SDPs grown under high light intensity (92 and 119 μmol.m -2 .s -1 ) or received high light integrals (0 and 20% shade). The duration of photoperiod-sensitive phases of the Pansy (LDP), Snapdragon (LDP), Petunia (LDP) and Cosmos (SDP) varied with genotype. Pansy, Petunia and Cosmos had 15-16 days whereas Snapdragon had 30 days long juvenile phase. However, photoperiod-sensitive phase under inductive environment and photoperiod-insensitive phase under inductive and non-inductive environments are lengthened than the juvenile phase. Use of plant growth regulators [A-Rest (30 ppm.L -1 ), Bonzi (30 ppm.L -1 ) and Cycocel (1000 ppm.L -1 )] significantly reduced plant height as compared to control plants. On the other hand, plants placed for a short duration (2 weeks) under non- inductive environment also reduced plant height. However, if taller plants are required then this duration can also be extended up to 8 weeks to obtain maximum plant height. This technique can be incorporated with the appropriate photoperiod to obtain early, mid and late flowering along with an appropriate plant height in accordance with the consumers’ choice.
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