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محمد بوٹا کھوکھر

محمد بوٹا کھوکھر

اے دنیا والو! گواہ رہنا ہم مرتے دم تک بھٹو والے ہیں ۔اے قائد عوام ہم تمہاری پھانسی کا قرض چکا نے تمہارے نقش قدم پر چلتے ہوئے تختہ دار تک آئے ۔نام محمد بوٹا کھوکھر۔ لاہور کینٹ کوٹ لکھپت سازش کیس کا ایک ملزم۔ جرم جنرل ضیاء الحق کا تختہ الٹنے کی سازش۔ سزائے موت پھر عمر قید ۔مارشل لاء ایک باغی چیئر مین بھٹو شہید کا ایک جیالہ پنجاب کا ایک بہادر سپوت ہمت والا جرات والا کال کوٹھری شاہی قلعہ میں ہر وقت ہنستا مسکراتا چہرہ ۔آج ہمیں رلا گیا ۔ہمارا ساتھ چھوڑ گیا ۔

 

SURVEY ON PARTICIPATION IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROGRAM, PERCEPTIONS AND BARRIERS AMONG YOUNG FEMALES

Aims Of Study: In Pakistan, the level of physical inactivity among adults is 26%. This survey aims to determine the participation in structured physical activity among young females and their perception and barriers towards SPA. Methodology: Purposive sampling was used to gather data from young females aged 16-30 in Karachi. Demographics, perception, and barriers were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Pearson chi-square was used to draw associations between qualitative variables. Results: According to a study of 319 participants, more than half did not participate in structured physical activity. Those who did found it beneficial for their health and happiness. Barriers to participation included transportation and gender-specific facilities, but these were not significantly associated with participation. Limitations & Future Implications: The study did not explore variations in physical activity participation among different ethnic, educational, socioeconomic, or occupational groups. Future studies should investigate these factors among both genders to understand perceptions and barriers to structured physical activity across diverse populations. Originality: To promote physical activity among young females and prevent health issues, it's crucial to recognize their understanding of SPA barriers and perceptions and develop appropriate strategies to overcome them. Conclusion: The barriers to structured physical activity had no significant effect on participation among young females. Also, participation in structured physical activity was not affected by marital status, age, and education level.

Lattice Boltzmann Study of Flow Fields Around Stationary and Oscillatory Cylindrical Objects in Various Arrangements

Computational fluid dynamics is a fascinating and complex subject due to rapid development of computer technology, high level programming languages and new developed numerical techniques for unlimited set of different engineering applications. The study of wake structure mechanism behind the cylindrical objects is important for practical applications in wind engineering, aerodynamics, and electronics cooling. The main objective of this study is to systematically investigate the stationary and oscillatory flow problems using the lattice Boltzmann method. The oscillating flow fields are common flow fields in many practical situations like ocean engineering, off-shore structures and similar type of bodies located in a wave environment. Oscillatory motions of small amplitude are very important in the analysis of immersed vibrating bodies. Such motions alter the aerodynamic forces and the pressure distributions as compared to those of rigid body.This may also result to the lock-in phenomenon, where the shedding frequency of fluid becomes equal to the oscillating frequency of the object. On the other hand the oscillatory motions of larger amplitude alter the far flow fields which can be affective due to the presence of other bodies in the flow field. Therefore detailed information regarding the variations of flow fields due to oscillatory motions is very important for designing structures. This study will focus on three main points: (a) Flow past stationary cylinder at various arrangements, (b) Drag reduction in terms of small control cylinders (c) Flow characteristics of oscillatory cylinder arranged in side-by-side or tandem. All these results, most of which have been obtained for the very first time, are of fundamental significance in engineering applications
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