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۔مولوی فیروز الدین ڈسکوِی کی ادبی خدمات

مولوی فیروز الدین ڈسکوِی کی ادبی  خدمات

ڈاکٹر نصیر احمد اسد

مولوی فیروز الدین ڈسکوی کی شاعری کے ساتھ ساتھ نثری ادب میں بھی نمایاں خدمات  ہیں۔نثر میں وہ بہترین سوانح نگاروں میں شامل ہیں۔ سوانح نگاری کی صنف باقی اصنافِ نثر کے مقابلے میں اپنے ماحول اور اس کے رحجانات کی عکاسی زیادہ بہتر انداز میں کرتی ہے۔ اُردو میں سوانح نگاری کا آغاز عہد سر سید سے ہوتا ہے۔ حالی کی ’’حیاتِ جاوید ‘‘ ،’’یادگارِ غالب‘‘ شبلی کی ’’سیرت النبیؐ ‘‘ اور ’’سیرت النعمان‘‘ میں سوانح نگاری کے قائم کردہ معیار کی پیروی ایک عرصے تک کی جاتی رہی۔ سرسید کا دور مذہبی مناظر ے اور بحث و مباحثے کا دور ہے لہٰذا اس دور کی سوانح عمریاں اپنے عہدکی عکاس ہیں۔اس دور کے مشہور سوانح نگاروں میں : مرزا حیرت دہلوی، احمد حسن خان، عبدالحلیم شرر، منشی محمد الدین فوق، مولوی احمد دین ،احمد حسین الہٰ آباد ی ، مولوی ذکاء اللہ ، سراجدین احمد ،نذیر احمد ،قاضی سلیمان ،عبدالرزاق کانپوری اور مولوی فیروز الدین ڈسکوی اہم ہیں۔

فضائل اسلام فی ذکر خیر الانام المعروف سیرت النبیؐ یا تاریخ نبویؐ مولوی فیروز الدین ڈسکوی کی پہلی باقاعدہ نثری تالیف ہے۔ اس کتاب کا پہلا ایڈیشن مفید عام پریس لاہور سے ۱۸۸۶ء میں شائع ہوا۔ اور’’ نماز اور اس کی حقیقت‘‘ مولوی صاحب موصوف کی دوسری نثری تالیف ہے ۔یہ کتاب منشی فیض علی نے پنجاب پریس سیالکوٹ سے ۱۸۹۰ ء میں شائع کی۔ ’’تفسیر فیروزی پارہ اول‘‘ مولوی صاحب کی تیسری تصنیف ہے۔ یہ کتاب ۱۸۹۰ء میں سیالکوٹ مفید عام پریس سے شائع ہوئی۔ ’’تکذیب و ید‘‘ مولوی صاحب کی چوتھی تصنیف ۱۸۹۰ء میں پنجاب پریس سیالکوٹ سے شائع ہوئی۔ ’’تصدیق الا لہام‘‘ مولوی صاحب موصوف کی مناظراقی تصنیف ہے۔ جو ۱۸۹۰ء میں...

عیسائیت پر لکھی گئی منتخب اردو کتب کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Christianity is the religion from the Hazrat Essa (A.S) the Holy Prophet of Allah. Christians believe that Christianity is a perfect religion and this religion save them from hell, and this religion is revealed from Allah. Christian knows that their ideology based upon Hazrat Essa (A.S) and they relate themselves towards Hazrat Essa (A.S). Different books in different languages have written on the Christianity like English, Arabic, Persian and other languages there are many books written on Christianity in Pakistani national language Urdu and the books written in many languages have translated in Urdu. The analysis put forward on Christianity in Urdu written books, one thing is clear that which author writes a good, topic on Christianity and on the other hand by studying Christianity students and readers feel easy and will understand about these books easily and search the relevant material easily. This article shows the analytical study of books written on Christianity in Urdu and translation from other languages nominated Urdu books.

Impact of Non-Verbal Communication on Students Learning Outcomes

Communication plays a pivotal role in our daily lives. To articulate our ideas, feelings, emotions and skills we communicate not only with verbal but also with non-verbal methods. These are essential in teaching-learning process. Teachers can utilize a variety of verbal and non-verbal skills to aid students’ comprehension of difficult concepts. It was an experimental study that looked into the impact of non-verbal communication on the learning outcomes of students of 9 th and 10 th classes in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. This study highlighted the importance of non-verbal communication in the subject of English (Compulsory) of classes (IX-X), further it explored the impact of non-verbal communication on students'' learning by observing teachers and students in classrooms and; finding out how this mechanism contributed to better learning outcomes of students. The study examined the hypotheses that there is an impact of non- verbal communication on students’ learning outcomes both in rural and urban areas; and there is an impact of non-verbal communication on the learning outcomes of male and female students. Population of the study included students and teachers of 103 Govt. secondary schools in rural and urban areas of Peshawar. The sample included 2 teachers and 40 students from each school in the subject of English (Compulsory). The total number of sample teachers and students is 40 and 800 respectively. Tools of the data collection were questionnaires and experiment in the actual classrooms setting. The significance difference between pre and post tests of the control and experimental groups was tested through paired t-test. Furthermore the questionnaires were interpreted with the help of frequency and percentage imethods, while the correlation between teachers and students’ questionnaires was carried out through Gamma correlation. The important conclusions indicated that teachers made the learning environment active through their non-verbal communication whereby students felt alert in the classrooms and participated in the learning process, which consequently enhanced the level of their retention and understanding. Proper use of facial expressions, body movements, eye contact, pitch of voice, and spatial distance helped the teachers to provide better understanding to the students in the attainment of their learning outcomes. To the contrary the teachers who did not properly use non-verbal communication in the classroom could not motivate the students for effective learning. The study made the following recommendations: Teachers should be given an orientation in non-verbal communication and the skills thus acquired should be utilized in their teaching methodologies. Teachers should be encouraged to use this technology in order to provoke the interest of the students and make them attentive in the class. It is recommended that curriculum planners and policy maker should also recognize the importance of non-verbal communication and make it a part of the teacher education program so that prospective teachers are trained in this important skill.
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