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مری زباں پہ جو ذیؐ احتشام آتا ہے


مری زباں پہ جو ذی احتشام آتا ہے
خدا کے بعد محمدﷺ کا نام آتا ہے

دُرُود جو بھی حبیبِؐ خدا پہ پڑھتا ہے
اُسے خدا کی طرف سے سلام آتا ہے

جو آلِ ساقیٔ کوؐثر کا احترام کرے
اُسی کے ہاتھ میں کوثر کا جام آتا ہے

کرم خدا کا رسولِؐ خدا کی رحمت ہے
ہنر ہے مجھ میں کوئی اور نہ کام آتا ہے

یہ آرزو ہے کہ عرفانؔ کو کہیں آقاؐ
ثنا گروں میں تمھارا بھی نام آتا ہے

Frequency of Renal Diseases in Diabetic Patients Renal diseases in diabetic patients

Diabetic nephropathy, also known as diabetic kidney disease is the chronic loss of kidney function occurring in those with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally. Protein loss in the urine due to damage to the glomeruli may become massive, and cause a low serum albumin with resulting generalized body swelling (edema) and result in the nephrotic syndrome. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of renal disease in diabetic patients and its complications in Pakistan. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Renal and Diabetic Departments of the Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, over a period of 3 months, after obtaining the ethical approval from the The University of Lahore. A total number of 100 Diabetic patients were selected through non probability convenient sampling technique. Patients of both sexes and all age groups were included. Results: In this study 60% were male and 40% were female. About 41% diabetic patients were 1-6 month of age, 42% were 1-5 years old and 1% of 18-23 years old who had renal diseases while 9% patients were without any renal disease. Whereas the prevalence of diabetes is more in infants than others which is 35%. But there was not significant association between onset of renal diseases with the onset of diabetes mellitus with p-value 0.24. Conclusions: Results of current study showed that diabetes mellitus effecting individuals of all ages equally but there was not significant association between diabetes and renal diseases. 

Feedforward Control Design for Dynamical Systems

The present Ph.D thesis deals with feedforward (open-loop) control methods, in clas- sical and quasi-classical physical systems like nonlinear oscillators, quantum particles in external electromagnetic field etc. We investigate the special case of fast oscillating control when the time of control period is sufficiently less to compare with the typical time of controlled system behavior ( for instance its period of oscillation). We apply mathematical technique specially developed for feedforward control systems such as Lyapunov method and Kapitza averaging. First we demonstrate that the Lyapunov spectrum of Kapitza averaged systems are sufficiently different from the original spectra of non-controlled plants. That means the description of averaged system in the neighborhood of their fixed points does not describe appropriately the original system behavior. Secondly we apply Kapitza averaging procedure to the original systems to derive the correcting terms in their dynamical equations. As a result we demonstrate re-design of original dynamical systems by fast changing control periodical force.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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