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فیض احمد فیض کی شاعری کی خصوصیات

رومانیت:
فیض اپنے کلام سے اپنے خشک زاہد اور ناصح ہونے کا تصور نہیں دیتے بلکہ پھول اور تلوار کے ساتھ ساتھ چشم و لب کی کاٹ کی باتیں بھی کرتے ہیں۔ ان کی اْفتاد ِ طبع رومانی ہے ان کے سینے میں پیار بھرا دل دھڑکتا ہے ان کے کلام میں لطافت اور نزاکت کی روحانی فضائ￿ چھائی رہتی ہے وہ تصورِ جاناں پر سب کچھ نچھاور کرتے نظر آتے ہیں۔
حسن ادا اور ندرت ِ بیان:
فیض ندرت بیان سے قاری کواپنے سحر میں جکڑ لیتے ہیں اور ان کے کلام کا جتنا زیادہ مطالعہ کیا جائے نئے نئے خیالات و تصورات و ا ہوتے جاتے ہیں کیونکہ ان کے ہاں ندرت بیاں اور حسن ادا کی دلکش مثالیں پائی جاتی ہیں۔
جذبات کی ترجمانی:
شاعری میں جذبات کی ترجمانی کے لئے صدق و خلوص انتہائی ضروری ہوتے ہیں صرف احساسات ، محسوسات اور جذبات کے بیان کا نام شاعری نہیں ہوا کرتا۔ فیض کے ہاں ہمیں پر خلوص جذبہ صداقت اور اْسلوب ِ اظہار پر کامل قدرت ہمیں بھر پور انداز میں ملتے ہیں۔
عشقیہ شاعری:
فیض کی شاعری حقیقی جذبات کی عکاسی کرتی ہے ان کی شاعری میں عشق و مستی اور چاہت ومحبت کا بھی کثرت سے ذکر ملتا ہے ان کی شاعری محبت کا ایک دل آویز نمونہ ہے اس اظہار میں چاند کی چاندنی کی سی ٹھنڈک اور سکون ، باد نسیم سی نازک خرامی کے علاوہ محبت کا لوچ اور رس ہمیں دلکش پیرایے میں نظر آتا ہے۔
وطن پرستی:
فیض کو اپنی مٹی سے پیا ر ہے۔ اس مٹی کو وہ محبوبہ کی طرح چاہتے ہیں۔ محبوبہ اور وطن میں وہ فرق نہیں کرتے
اسلوب:
دراصل فیض کا مخصوص لہجہ اور اسلوب ہی وہ جادو ہے جو قاری کو اپنا اسیر کر لیتا ہے اور ہر بار...

مطبوعہ پاکستانی مصاحف سے متعلق چند فنی مسائل کا جائزہ

Error-free printing of Qur’ānic Text is a collective duty of all Muslims. The fact remains that Muslims have performed this duty with devotion and rightly. They also arranged sittings to discuss "Rasm" and " Ḍabt"(رسم اور ضبط) to understand the crux of matter and provide an expression to the most authentic text. No Muslim can intentionally commit any kind of mistake in the text of Qur’ān. However, such possibilities of error cannot be denied due to negligence and inadvertency. The Ministry for Religious Affairs has made it obligatory for all the printing institutions of Qur’ānic text to follow the model of the Qur’ānic manuscript, produced by Anjman Ḥimāyat-e-Islām, yet many Qur’ānic manuscripts with errors are present in the market. Such manuscripts are not only present in some mosques, but also recited. It causes problems in recitation of those verses and might changing the meaning of them. This article points out such scriptures and errors, so it can be identified and to take steps for preventive measures for such errors in future. This article also suggests some policies and strategies for publishing of Qur’ān for avoiding misprints errors.

The Determinants of Stock Market Development: A Panel Study of Developed, Emerging and Frontier Markets

The objective of the present study is to find the determinants of equity market development with a panel data of Developed, Emerging and Frontier Equity Markets. The determinants of equity market include both the quantitative and qualitative factors, whereas the former represents the macroeconomic variables, and the later embodies the governance variables. The study incorporates the panel data set of world stock markets of 70 countries, which are classified by international group of Financial Times Stock Exchanges (FTSE) in three main regions of the world as Developed (25), Emerging (21) and Frontier (24) Equity Markets and period of the study is 20 years starting from 1996 to 2015. Given the panel nature of the data, the econometric methodologies of dynamic Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) has been incorporated to find the significant relationships on subject matter Moreover, the study has incorporated multifaceted statistical methodologies in all three regions of the world stock markets. Despite having different dynamics and resources, there are few similarities but there are some of the stark differences, which lead them to identify their uniqueness. The study finds that effects of economic and governance factors on stock market development are peculiar in nature and quite unique as per the dynamics of that particular region. For instance, the study finds that economic and governance factors are more influential in developed region as compared to emerging and frontier regions which is mainly due to strong institutional quality in the developed countries. The study has formed a composite index of Economic and Governance factors through Principal Component Analysis by using factors for each region of the world equity markets. Afterwards, cross-index of Economic and Governance Factors is formed for exploring the joint effects of these variables. The study reveals that there is strong correlation in these composite indices in the developed region, where as there is no clear pattern in the developing countries. Moreover, there is quite dispersion in the composite data of the developing countries. So, there is no direct correlation in the composite factors of economic and governance in the developing countries. The studies on exploring the direct effects are quite in abundance but the literature on indirect and cross effects of governance and economic factors on the development of stock market are quite scarce. The present study explores the comprehensive direct and indirect effects of governance factors as well as vice versa effects on the development of economy and equity market in all regions of the world equity markets. After the estimation, the study finds that effects of economic and governance factors on stock market development are not only unidirectional, but also bidirectional as well. Particularly, the emerging markets have dual effects on economic and governance factors. The indirect effects of governance through economic factors are significant in developed region and cross effects of governance and economic factors are significant in emerging markets. The vice versa effects of stock market development and economic growth suggests that economic growth is also affected by the development of stock market and governance factors particularly in frontier markets. The reverse impacts of stock market development on the economic growth are quite captivating in which development of stock market also affects the growth of economy in all three regions of the world. In the end, the study recommends that determinants of equity market may not solely based on economic factors rather the significance of governance factors may be taken into account while taking the complete picture of the subject. This study will append the knowledge of prevailing institutional works on equity markets and economy as well. Moreover, the formation of composite indices for governance and economic factors for all the regions of developed, emerging and frontier markets may append the existing knowledge database of financial markets.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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