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اردو تدوین کی روایت

موضوع4:اردو تدوین کی روایت
تدوین کیا ہے؟
تدوین تحقیق کی شاخ ہے۔ جس میں مدون عہد گزشتہ اور ماضی میں دفن تحریروں کو اصل انداز میں سامنے لاتا ہے۔ تدوین متن میں محقق و مدون کا اصل مقصد و مدعا مصنف کے تصنیفی کام کی روح تک پہنچنا ہوتا ہے۔ اس مقصد کی تکمیل کے لیے وہ حاصل کردہ متن کو مختلف تنقیدی و تحقیقی زاویوں سے پرکھتا ہے۔ وہ ہربات کو ایک پیمانے پر ماپ کر چھلنی سے گزارتا ہے ،تاکہ امکانی حد تک وہ مصنف کے متن تک پہنچ سکے۔
اردو تدوین کی روایت:
اردو تدوین کی روایت کچھ زیادہ قدیم نہیں ہے۔مدونین کی بدولت بہت سے قدیم و نایاب کتب منظر عام پر آئی ہیں۔ اگر مدونین و محققین تدوین متن کی طرف توجہ نہ دیتے تو آج ہم اردو ادب کے ابتدائی سرمایہ سے ناواقف ہوتے اور نہ ہی اردو زبان کا ابتدائی لسانی ڈھانچہ ہمارے سامنے ہوتا۔ہم آج جس معاشرے میں سانس لے رہے ہیں وہ ایک مہذب اور متمدن معاشرہ ہے۔ اپنے معاشرے کو جاننے اور سمجھنے کی کوشش اس وقت تک کامیاب نہیں ہوسکتی جب تک ہم اپنے اسلاف کی تحریروں اور ان کے افکار و خیالات سے آگاہ نہ ہوں۔
اردو تدوین کی روایت میں بہت سے مدونین ایسے ہیں جنہوں نے بہت سے شعرااور ان کی تصانیف سے روشناس کرایا ہے۔ ان کتب میں تذکرے، مثنویات ، کلیات، دواوین اور نثری کتب شامل ہیں۔یہ سب کتب اردو ادب میں گراں قدر اضافے کا باعث بنی ہیں۔
سر سید احمد خان:
اردو تدوین کی روایت کے حوالے سے دیکھا جائے تو سر سید احمد خان نے قدیم ادب کی اہمیت کو تسلیم کرتے ہوئے ابوالفضل کی تصنیف "آئین اکبری" کو ?۶-?۸?? ئ￿ میں مدون کیا۔انہوں نے اس نسخے کی تدوین کے لیے کئی نسخوں کو تلاش کرکے...

The Analytical Study of Medication During Fasting in the Perspective of Shariah Rulings

The beauty of religion Islam is not only to provide the complete life style and charter for one to lead his life smoothly but it flourishes the human life with its eternal directions and commands full of hidden pleasures coupled with physical and spiritual care of human body. In fact, the everlasting religion comprised of such rulings that help individuals in every walk of life until and unless these rulings are implemented and executed in a proper way according to the prescribed codes of Almighty Allah and his Messenger, Prophet Muhammad PBUH. The thorough study of Shariah rulings reveals the fact that to protect the man’s life or even to make it in comfort and ease, the gradual and steady relaxation has been observed like the one unable to perform prayer in standing position, legitimate for him to sit or even through gestures according to the status of his illness and disease. Similarly, the fasting is important part of Worship, obligation upon Muslim to observe fasting during Ramadan with intentions to get Allah’s pleasure and piousness. This research study emphasis on highlighting the shariah rulings about the medication during fasting in order to know the extent of use, specification in drugs like injections and drips along with some relevant discussion about the spirit of medicine permission. The study will be the real addition to the knowledge and will be fine guidance for the Practiced Muslims.

Wholistic Management Education Wme : Contextualized Applicability of Transformative Learning in Management Education Discourse

This thesis is a critical exploration of traditional management education discourse. It advocates imparting transformative business education leading to ‘whole person’ learning of business students. Traditional management education needs transformation because it is in crisis. The prestigious management education journal Academy of Management Learning & Education is leading a wave of scathing criticism on different aspects of business school education for the last decade or so. The most critiqued of these aspects include inability of traditional business school education to prepare students to face real world complexities. This is attributed to management education pedagogy’s over-reliance on science and rationality leading to short term profit focus and its being oblivious to larger issues of society, context, values and history. A majority of previous research involves application of Mezirow’s transformative learning theory in non-management settings. This thesis combines Mezirow’s cognitive perspective of transformation with later developments including extra-rational thinking, multiple ways of knowing and the ability to critically evaluate social and organizational dynamics to presents the concept of ‘wholistic management education’ (WME). Based on contemporary scholarly critique on management education, UNESCO Curricular Reforms Manifesto (2011), Principles of Responsible Management Education (PRME) (2011) and guidelines of Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan (2012) the thesis constructs five ‘missing’ discourses of management education. These discourses serve as foundations for developing WME model of the thesis. This model not only captures the micro level discursive interplay between business school texts and actions but also connects it with the macro discourse’s proximal and distal structures like organizations, society and environment. From WME discourse construction the thesis turns to critical analysis of traditional management education discourse by incorporating extra-linguistic factors such as power relations, dominance, history, ideology and hegemony inherent in it. The five main discourses are constructed on the basis of carefully and systematically selected management education and transformative learning literature. The main proponents of different perspectives of transformative learning are identified on the basis of number of well received books authored/edited (the cut-off point is at least 4 well received books) and their publications in IF Journals. For selecting literature of management education it is ensured to include the main writers highlighting different gaps in management education over the last 15 years. Academy of Management Learning & Education is the main source for selecting frequently cited articles on management education critique. More than 100 such articles were short listed for abstract reviews. Those found relevant with research objectives and questions of this thesis were reviewed thoroughly. Some of the books mentioned in the References of the selected articles were shortlisted and their Introductions and Prefaces were read. Those resonating with the research aims of the thesis were given detailed reading. The same criterion of identifying influential authors is employed as in the case of transformative learning literature. The thesis creates nuance in transformative learning and management education research by positing them as discourses and also through the application of critical discourse analysis on business education. The construction of WME discourse and critical analysis of traditional management education discourse reveal that history of Western civilization has a reflexive relation with history of management education which in turn has shaped the overall discourse of business education. Similarly Civilizational values have played an important role in shaping different historic-philosophical epochs of Western civilization which have influenced the development of cultural and organizational values manifesting as organizing practices institutionalizing and reinforcing the legitimacy of management education texts. The strong reflexive relation of management education with this ‘value hierarchy’ creates the notion of ‘universalism’ through which traditional business education implicitly suppresses local non-Western contexts and epistemologies. The micro-micro and micro-macro intertextuality-based discourse relations emerging through applying the proposed WME model are shown to counter this suppression and to encourage developing whole person learning in business students enabling them to face the ambiguities and complexities of their respective real worlds. The thesis not only pioneers the application of extra-linguistic critical discourse analysis techniques on management education but also advances transformative learning theory towards a more unified, contextualized and wholistic perspective. The major scholarly value of this thesis is production of a contextualized ‘counter-discourse’ to the universal traditional management education discourse.
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