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نواب عالی مرحوم

نواب عالی مرحوم
صاحبزادہ مرزا حاجی ضمیر الدین صاحب عالی مرحوم نواب علاء الدین خاں صاحب علائی کے چوتھے اورسب سے چھوٹے لڑکے تھے۔مرحوم میں وہ تمام خوبیاں موجود تھیں جواگلے بزرگوں میں ہوتی تھیں۔ وہ خاندان کے ایک ایسے فرد تھے جن کی موت نے خاندان پریہ واضح کردیا کہ اب اس کمی کوپورا کرنا بالکل ناممکن ہے۔
میرے رشتے کے ماموں تھے لیکن ان کی بزرگانہ شفقت ایسی تھی کہ حقیقی ماموؤں سے بڑھ کر تھی۔عربی فارسی کے متبحر عالم تھے نہ صرف عالم تھے بلکہ عالم باعمل۔ ان کے دل میں خدا کی تمام مخلوق کے دکھ سکھ کاپورا پورا خیال تھا۔ان کی موت سے بہت سی لاوارث عورتیں شکستہ دل ہوئیں اور بیکس یتیم بے سہارا رہ گئے۔ مرحوم کے حالات ذیل ان کے بھتیجے صاحبزادہ شمس الدین احمدخاں صاحب دیوان ریاست لوہارونے لکھ کر بھیجے ہیں جس کے لیے میں موصوف کی شکرگزار ہوں۔
آپ ۱۶؍دسمبر ۱۸۶۷ء کودہلی میں پیدا ہوئے۔ فخرالدولہ نواب علاء الدین احمدخاں بہادر فرمانروائے لوہارو کے پانچویں فرزند اورسب سے چھوٹے بیٹے تھے۔ آپ کے باپ نے پیدائش کے وقت اپنی بیاض میں یہ درج فرمالیا تھا: ’’ تولدپسرِکامگار ہوشیار مرزا ضمیر الدین احمدخاں طال عمرہ درساعتِ سُنبلہ از بطنِ شمس النسا بیگم۔
مرزا غالب کے تعلقِ خاص کی تقریب سے نواب علاء الدین احمدخاں علائی کو دنیا جانتی ہے۔ شمس النساء بیگم دخترِ نواب جلال الدین خاں نبیرۂ امیرالامراء نواب نجیب الدولہ رئیس نجیب آباد ہیں۔ مرزا ضمیرالدین احمدخاں کی تعلیم وتربیت زیرِ نگرانی والد بزرگوار ہوئی۔بعض استاد ایرانی تھے۔ مثلاً مرزا ابو طالب شیرازی ابن سید ہاشم نجفی۔ نوعمری میں گھوڑے کی سواری کاشوق ہوا۔ لوہارومیں جرنیل صاحب کے لقب سے مشہور ہوئے۔ گھوڑوں کی شناخت میں کمال رکھتے تھے۔اسلحہ کی شناخت میں خاص مہارت تھی۔خود گولی، بارود اور بندوق کی ٹوپیاں بنالیتے تھے۔ ریاست...

Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices among Mothers in Lahore, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Inadequate child feeding practices lead to malnutrition, higher under-five mortality rates and adverse effects on quality of life. This study aimed to assess the breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices of mothers as well as the influence of various sociodemographic factors on them in local families of Lahore. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study. It was conducted in CMH (Combined Military Hospital), Lahore in 2018. It comprises a sample of 203 mothers with children of at least two years of age, from various urban areas of Lahore. The subjects were selected on the basis of the inclusion criteria. Mothers with psychiatric illnesses and children with congenital anomalies were excluded from the study. Mothers were approached in the paediatric outpatient departments of four tertiary care hospitals of Lahore. Responses were recorded using a modified version of the Action Contre La Faim (ACF) questionnaire. Independent sample t-test and chi-square test were applied for analysis of the data. Results: Early initiation of breastfeeding within one hour from birth was observed in 83.3% children. Most children were administered colostrum (69.5%). The rate of exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months was 45.3%.  A child was being breastfed 8.21 ± 6.67 (mean ± SD) times a day. Maternal educational status, total number of adults in a household, and access to free healthcare were identified as important factors influencing the practice of breastfeeding. Porridge, khichdi, eggs, fruit and yoghurt were the most frequently used complementary foods. Conclusions: A high rate of an early start of breastfeeding and a low rate of exclusive breastfeeding for at least six months were predominant in our population. Administration of colostrum was observed in approximately two-thirds of the study participants. Education of the mother, type of the family system (nuclear or combined), and access to free healthcare strongly influence the breastfeeding practices.

Chemical Interaction Between Some Weeds and Crops

Weeds are the serious problem in our agriculture system. Therefore we need to know weeds and its relation to crops. Present study was conducted to describe the allelopathic effect of the three common weeds of Sindh Chenopodium album, Chenopodium murale and Anagallis arvensis on six tests crops viz., wheat, cowpea, chick pea, mung, pearl millet and maize. The experiments were carried out in laboratory and green house. The influences of weed on test species are evaluated by two separate laboratory experiments. In first trial study the comparison of osmotic stress by mannitol solution and allelopathic effect of weed extract with varied concentration (1, 3, and 5%) compared with different osmotic potentials (22, 32.9, 43.9 and 66kPa) of mannitol solutions, to explore the role of osmotic potential. The second experiment was conducted to study the allelopathic effect by shoot and root leachate of weed species on different parameters of test species. In the green house experiments monoculture (only test species and only weed species) and combine culture (Weed and test species) pot trial carried out. Allelopathic effects of weed from first experiments to last on these growth parameters i.e. percent germination, speed of germination, radicle length, plant height and fresh/dry weight of root and shoot of test species, the results obtained are summarized as under. 1. Comparison between osmotic potential and weed extract trial show that germination was not considerably effected by osmotic potential while in extract (1, 3, and 5%) Chenopodium album and Chenopodium murale highly reduced than the Anagallis arvensis. Chenopodium album (5%) extract reduced the percent germination (18% in cowpea, 30% in pearl millet) like Chenopodium murale 5% extract showed the similar trend (reduction, 22% in wheat, 50% in gram). 2. Low osmotic potential have no considerable effect on radicle growth of all test species as compared to extract trial. Radicle length significantly effected in comparative trial show the same trend in high osmotic potential 66 kPa = 5% extract of weeds. Five percent extract of Chenopodium album and mannitol solution (66 kPa) were significantly reduced the radicle length as 8.21 to 0.79cm in wheat and 7.84 to 1.57cm in gram. Same concentration (5%) of Chenopodium murale, Anagallis arvensis and mannitol solution were also significantly reduced the radicle length as 8 to 4cm in wheat, 8 to 1 cm in gram and 9 to 1 cm in pearl millet while in other weed as 10 to 3 cm in cow pea, 9 to 3 cm in pearl millet. On the basis of these results it is concluded that weed extract had pronounced and dominating effects on test crops by allelopathy which osmotic pressure also play a minor role 3. Root and shoot leachate of the weeds were considerably affected germination and speed of germination of test species. Radicle growth in some test species significantly affected by root leachate and shoot leachate. However leachate of Chenopodium album and Anagallis arvensis have no significant effect on radicle elongation of some test species i.e. gram, maize and pearl millet. Generally these results revealed that the root leachate highly effected the growth of test species than the shoot leachate. 4. In mono and combine culture study the morphological characters i.e. plant height, fresh and dry weight statistically assessed. The weed species also considerably effected seed germination of all test species in combine culture trials. Gram seed germination highly effected to all test species in Chenopodium murale (38%), similarly Chenopodium album also effected gram seed germination (72%) and Anagallis arvensis effected (70%) in gram and wheat while the remaining test species were also considerably affected. Further more in combine culture trial Chenopodium album reduced the plant height of gram (17.49cm), wheat (12cm) and pearl millet (17cm) significantly. Chenopodium murale and Anagallis arvensis also significantly effected on wheat (18, 12 cm), gram (8, 17cm) and mung (8, 14cm) while the remaining test species also significantly reduced the plant height. Shoot and root weight of test plant were found to be higher in weed free (control) trial. Dry weight of shoot and root of test species in combine culture growth were significantly reduced. Results showed that reduction in germination, plant height and dry matter were affected due to the allelopathic effect of weed species. Above investigations show that in general these weeds have allelopathic effects on test crops, in there initial stage of growth (germination and radicle elongation). Therefore precautionary action should be taken to remove these weeds from the field to increase crop production.
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