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مولانا اخترا حسن اصلا حی

مولانا اختراحسن اصلاحی
افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ مہینہ مولانا اختر احسن صاحب اصلاحی مہتمم مدرسۃ الاصلاح سرائمیر نے انتقال کیا، وہ مولانا حمیدالدین فراہیؒ کے ارشد تلامذہ میں تھے، ان کو انھوں نے اپنی مخصوص طرز پر کلام مجید پر غور و فکر اور اس کی تفسیر و تاویل کی تعلیم دی تھی اور وہ اس کے اچھے شارح و ترجمان تھے، اور سیاست میں بھی پوری دستگاہ حاصل تھی، دینداری اور زہد میں بھی استاد بزرگ کے شاگرد رشید تھے، انھوں نے پوری زندگی نہایت سادگی اور قناعت کے ساتھ ایک قلیل معاوضہ پر مدرسۃ الاصلاح کی خدمت میں گذار دی، اس زمانہ میں غربت و عسرت کے ساتھ علم و دین کی خدمت صرف عربی مدارس کا حصہ ہے وہ طبعاً نیک نفس، خاموش، عزت پسند اور نام و نمود سے بے نیاز تھے، ورنہ ان کے بعض رفقاء کی طرح ان کا شمار بھی مشاہیر میں ہوتا، مدرسۃ الاصلاح کی روح رواں اب وہی تھے، وفات کے وقت پچپن سال کے قریب عمر رہی ہوگی، اﷲ تعالیٰ علم و دین کے اس خادم کو اپنی رحمت و مغفرت سے سرفراز فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، نومبر ۱۹۵۸ء)

 

الحبك النصي وعلاقته بالنص القرآنيدراسة نظرية في ضوء التراث النقدي والبلاغي

The concept of coherence is not only a semantics one that exists within the meaning of text; it refers to grammatical continuity of a text that accurs within surface and deep structure of the discourse، and that define it as a text/discourse. That is why the study of coherence is important in textual linguistics، especially in the Text of Holy Qur’ān. Therefore the ancient researchers have chosen it in different ways in the Qur’ānic textual analysis. The ancient Arab started the study of Coherence to prove the Qur’ānic text as “Moʻjiza” and “iʻjāz” because of its organization and arrangement of text according the “Naẓm” “Insijām” “Ittisāq” “Iltiḥām” and many others. The English term that substitutes these terms is just Cohesion and Coherence. So we can say that the Arab were doing well about the discourse/textual analysis of the texts, especially the Qur’ānic textual coherence was their main goal. The Article aims to explore the main roots، elements and aspects of textual coherence in Arabic language. This work differ from previous works in many aspects as it focuses on the concept of coherence and its various aspects particularly in terms of the coherence in Arabic Language in the light of Qur’ānic text.

The Impact of Corporal Punishment on Students in Public Sector Schools: A Case Study of Selected Boys Schools in District Multan

The study was conducted on investigating the impacts of corporal punishment with major emphasis on its nature, kinds and effects on students, including social, academic, educational, psychological, legal and medical aspects. To ascertain the effects of corporal punishment, the participants of the study comprising students, teachers and parents were interviewed through questionnaire and interview schedule. Major objectives of the study were to investigate into the nature, kinds and motives of physical punishment against students in sampled district; to identify multidimensional effects of corporal punishment on the students from educational and academic perspectives to social, academic, educational, psychological, legal and medical aspects.; to investigate the teachers and parents'' viewpoint on corporal punishment of students at schools and to seek the opinion of the victimized students on use of corporal punishment. The total sample size from students, teachers and parents was 607. The data was analyzed at both uni-variate and bi-variate level while calculating frequency, percentage and Chi - square test respectively. It was found that corporal punishment remained a hurdle in developing good teacher - student relationship; it led to destroying students’ character building; increased dropout rate; discouraged the learning environment; created hatred for teachers; impaired interest in study; and compelled students to leave school before the day ended. Moreover, it was observed that corporal punishment became the major cause for creating aggressive attitudes and quarrelsome behaviors among the students; it badly affected children’ morality; it led children to use alcohol and other drugs; made them vulnerable to sexual abuse. Academic achievements got lowered in their respective examinations in the view of constant absenteeism from school. Furthermore, corporal punishment depressed students’ feeling of sympathy. Students started backbiting of their teachers and even used filthy language. Some of the students got nervous and they developed feeling of suicide. Corporal punishment promoted psychological trauma due to which students lost their confidence. The study recommends the abolition of corporal punishment which will ensure decrease in the dropout rate, create better learning environment, and consequently develop good relation between teachers and students. The study further suggests the implementation of relevant law regarding banishment on corporal punishment in letter and spirit. Teachers should be made aware about the negative results of corporal punishment through diverse nature of training programs as well as contents of the bill regarding ban on corporal punishment.
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