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سید مرتضیٰ علی

سید مرتضیٰ علی
افسوس ہے اس مہینہ میں ہمارے ایک نہایت عزیز اور مخلص دوست سید مرتضیٰ علی نے بھی دہلی میں وفات پائی۔ مرحوم نواب صدیق حسن خاں صاحب مرحوم کے نواسی داماد تھے۔حکومت ہند کے محکمہ دفاع میں اعلیٰ افسر تھے۔تقسیم کے بعد بھی یہیں رہے۔دلّی کی جامع مسجد کے قریب ان کا آبائی مکان تھااُسی میں رہتے تھے اورجامع مسجد میں نماز اس پابندی سے ادا کرتے تھے کہ وفات سے پہلے سخت مجبوری کے باوجود انھوں نے نمازباجماعت ترک نہیں کی۔ادارہ ندوۃ المصنفین کے شروع سے محسن اوراس کے کاموں کے بڑے قدردان تھے۔ اسلام کی محبت اورعشق میں سرشار رہتے تھے۔بڑے خلیق،متواضع،صاحب ِخیر، غیور و خوددار اور حد درجہ پابندِ وضع تھے۔اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کوغریق رحمت فرمائے اور پسماندگان کوصبر جمیل کی توفیق ارزاں ہو۔آمین [جولائی۱۹۵۶ء]

عقد نکاح میں کفاءت کی حقیقت

Kafa'at is a term used in the field of Islamic jurisprudence which means equivalence and closeness between the expected spouse i.e. Male and female in specific area. So it may be defined as the compatibility or equivalence between the expected husband and his expected wife which have to be adhered to in future. This compatibility standard suggested by Islam is highly effective, that include religion, profession, wealth, lineage, moral and social standard. The Hanafi, the Shaft’s and the Hanbali schools concur in requiring kafa'at in religion (Islam), freedom (i.e. In his not being a slave), profession and lineage. These schools differ regarding kafa'at in wealth. The Hanafi and the Hanbali schools recognize it, while the Shaft’s school does not. The Maliki School do not accept the notion of kafa'at except in religion. The emphases of this Kafa'at are to make the spouse relation pleasant, everlasting and coherences. The alikeness suggested by Islam between male and female is also traditional and logical value which Islam highly encouraged. The hidden philosophy of Kafa'at is to build the relation between the expected spouses more effective and pleasant.

Boundary Layer Flows of Modified Second Grade Fluid over Stretching Surfaces With Heat Transfer

The study of boundary layer flows of non-Newtonian fluids is an important and challenging task in fluid mechanics. The recent decades saw a lot of interest in this area because of the fact that many important industrial fluids are non-Newtonian in their flow characteristics. The main aim of this thesis is to explore and analyze the boundary layer flow with heat transfer of a non-Newtonian fluid. Thus, this thesis revolves around one of the paramount subclass of non-Newtonian fluids namely the modified second grade fluid (MSGF). Despite of the diverse applicability of this fluid model in technological fields, not much study has been made on flow and heat transfer characteristics of MSGF. In view of this, the research presented in this thesis is carried out to fill up the existing gap in literature. Boundary layer equations for the flow and heat transfer of modified second grade fluid are bestowed in Cartesian as well as cylindrical polar coordinates. Additionally, the non-linear stretching surfaces are investigated keeping in view different geometries like stretching cylinder, radially stretching sheet and planar stretching sheet. Numerous effects of flow and heat transfer are incorporated namely the stagnation point flow, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow, nanoparticles, mixed convection heat transfer, linear and non-linear thermal radiation, homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions, Newtonian heating and convective boundary conditions. The governing problems comprising of highly non-linear partial differential equations are simplified by suitable transformations into the corresponding ordinary differential equations. The resultant systems of equations are numerically handled by the Runge-Kutta Fehlberg scheme and bvp4c in MATLAB. The legitimacy of the numerical results is ensured by presenting a comparative study for special cases. The graphical and tabular illustrations are displayed for various pertinent parameters to obtain the physical insight of the problem. In addition, exact solutions are also calculated for few problems by considering special cases. One of the key observation is that the generalized second grade parameter strengthens the fluid velocity while diminishes the temperature of the fluid.
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