شیخ الحدیث مولانا عبیداﷲ رحمانی
شیخ الحدیث مولانا ابوالحسن عبیداﷲ رحمانی ۵؍ جنوری کو رحلت فرماگئے، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔ ان کے نام سے میں بچپن ہی میں آشنا ہوگیا تھا، میرے والد مسلکاً اہل حدیث ہیں، وہ جریدۂ اہل حدیث (امرتسر) اور رسالہ محدث اور اس مسلک کے بعض دوسرے رسالوں کے خریدار تھے، محدث مولانا نذیر احمد رحمانیؒ کی ادارت میں دارالحدیث رحمانیہ دہلی سے شایع ہوتا تھا، اس میں فتاویٰ اور مضامین مولانا عبید اﷲ رحمانی کے بھی برابر چھپتے تھے، میں ۱۹۴۷ء میں پرائمری درجات میں پڑھتا تھا، اس وقت ’’محدث‘‘ میری سمجھ میں کیا آتا؟ تاہم اسے پڑھنے کی کوشش ضرور کرتا، ایک روز والد صاحب نے اسے الٹتے پلٹتے دیکھا تو فرمایا کہ ’’میں تمھیں اسی مدرسہ میں پڑھنے کے لیے بھیجوں گا جہاں سے ’’محدث‘‘ شایع ہوتا ہے‘‘۔ مگر افسوس
آں قدح بشکست و آں ساقی نماند
جس سال میں مدرستہ الاصلاح کے درجہ چہارم عربی میں پڑھتا تھا اس سال میرے درجہ میں ایک نئے طالب علم داخل ہوئے جن کی طرف ہمارے استاد مولانا اختر احسن اصلاحی مرحوم بڑا اعتنا کرتے تھے، جب یہ کسی تعطیل کے بعد اپنے گھر سے مدرسہ آتے تو مولانا ان کے والد کی خیریت ضرور دریافت فرماتے، اس سے ظاہر ہوتا تھا کہ وہ ان کا بڑا احترام کرتے تھے، اس کی وجہ سے میرے دل میں بھی ان کے والد کی عزت و عظمت کا نقش ثبت ہوگیا تھا۔ ہمارے یہ نئے رفیقِ درس مولانا عبدالرحمن مبارکپوری تھے اور ان کے والد محترم کا نام شیخ الحدیث مولانا عبید اﷲ رحمانی تھا جو خود بہت ممتاز عالم اور سیرت البخاری کے مصنف مولانا عبدالسلام مبارکپوریؒ کے صاحبزادے اور ترمذی شریف کی مشہور و مقبول شرح تحفۃ الاحوذی کے مصنف مولانا عبدالرحمن مبارکپوری نوراﷲ مرقدہٰ کے خاص تربیت یافتہ تھے، وکفیٰ...
This research is based on the economic crisis in Wajahat Ali’s “The Domestic Crusaders” suffered by women through a Marxist feminist lens. Marx propounded the theory with his friend Fredrick Angels. Marxist feminism critiques capitalism as a system that exploits labor alienates people, and debases freedom. It emphasizes that women cannot achieve empowerment within capitalism and rejects treating women as separate groups. The focus of this research is to highlight the crisis under the influence of capitalism controlled by men. Wajahat Ali has presented the miserable plight of the Muslim American family under the influence of domestic colonization, acculturation, and supremacy. The results of this research show that the intergenerational gap between these three generations leads them towards crisis, fewer jobs and inflation is the other reason for the crisis. The major practice-restricted policies by homeland security have left no space among the family members with these unbearable crises. As a whole, this play is the depiction of a Muslim American family who has a jumbled experience under the squeeze of not only the economic snatchers but dealt with crisis also.
Modeling of high strength and wear resistance aluminum alloy based casting of composite material developed via conventional foundry method which is one of the most economical versatile and active research area and so for has not been thoroughly investigated. Due to complex nature of the composite materials and their related problems such as the nonlinear relationship between composition, processing parameters, heat treatment with the strength and abrasive wear, resistance can more efficiently be modeled by artificial neural networks. The artificial neural networks modeling requires sufficient data concerned with chemical composition , processing parameters and the resulting mechanical properties which were not available for such type of modeling. Therefore, a wide range of experimental work was conducted for the development of aluminum composites using conventional foundry method. Alloy containing Cu-Mg- Zn as matrix and reinforced with 1- 15 % Al 2 O 3 particles were prepared using stir casting method. The molten alloys composites were cast in metal mold. More than eighty standard samples were prepared for tensile tests and sixty samples were given solution treatment at 580 0 C for 1⁄2 hour and tempered at 120 0 C for 24 hours. Various characterization techniques apparatus such as X-ray Spectrometer, Scanning Electron Microscope, Optical Metallurgical Microscope, Universal Tensile Testing Machine, Vickers Hardness and Abrasive Wear Testing Machine were used to investigate the chemical composition, microstructural features, density, tensile strength, ductility (elongation), hardness and abrasive wear resistance. xixThese investigations including the material development and characterization were used for data generations as needed for modeling of high strength and abrasive wear résistance aluminum cast composites. For modeling purpose a multilayer perceptron (MLP) feedforward was developed and back propagation learning algorithm was used for training, testing and validation of the model. The modeling results shows that an architecture of 14 inputs with 9 hidden neurons and 4 outputs which include the tensile strength, elongation, hardness and abrasive wear resistance gives reasonably accurate results with an error within the range of 2-7 % in training, testing and validation. The modeling results shows that an alloy contents 2-3 % Cu, 2-3 % Mg, 3-5 % Zn reinforced with 10 % Al 2 O 3 can successfully be developed for highest strength (297 MPa) and highest abrasive wear résistance (0.4 gm weight loss /15 minutes using stir casting method. The modeling results also suggest that it is possible to develop the highest strength 466 MPa tensile strength and highest abrasive wear resistance aluminum alloy based casting composite materials having the matrix composition of 6 % Si, 2 % Mg with 3 % Zn reinforced with 2-5 % Al 2 O 3 particles.