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ارشاد ڈیروی دی شاعری وچ سراپا نگاری

ارشادؔ ڈیروی دی شاعری وچ سراپا نگاری

رومانوی شاعری دی اہمیت اوس وچ ہوئی سراپا نگاری اتے منحصر ہو ندی اے ۔عمدہ سراپا نگاری پڑھن والے دے ذہن اتے انج سوار ہو جا  ندی اے جیویں کوئی زندہ آدمی اکھاں سامنے ہووے ۔عام طور تے شاعری دیاں بہت ساریاں گلاں پڑھن والا بھلا دیندا اے پر سراپا نگاری راہیں کوی لوک جوکسے دی مورت تراش دے نیں اوہ ہمیشہ یاد رہندی اے ۔ڈاکٹر احسن فاروقی ایس بارے لکدے نیں :

’’کردار کو زندگی بخشنے کے سلسلے میں یہ ضروری ہے کہ شاعر سراپا نگاری کا سہارا لیتے ہوئے کردار کی تخلیق کرے ۔کسی مؤرخ کی طرح اسے کردار کی بابت ضروری حالات کا بیان کر دینا ہی کا فی نہیں ہے بلکہ اسے ان سب حالات کو جمع کر کے اپنی قوت تخیل کے ذریعے ان میں ایک نئی روح پھونک دینا ہے ۔‘‘(۱)

کردار دو طرح دے ہوندے نیں ۔پہلا سادہ کردار تے دوجا مکمل کردار ۔سادہ کردار اوہ ہوندے نیں ۔جہناں نوں عام نمونے یا خاکے وی آکھیا جاندا اے ۔ایس قسم دے کردار اک خاص خیال دے تحت لکھے جاندے نیں یعنی انساناں والیاں صفتاں وچوں اک صفت ایہناں وچ پائی جاندی اے ۔مکمل کردار اوہ کردار ہوندے نیں جنہاں وچ انسانا ں والیاں بہت صفتاں پائیاں جاندیاں ہوون ۔ایس دے نال نا ل انفرادی صفتاں وی موجود ہو ندیاں نیں ۔جدوں ایہہ گل ارشادؔ ڈیروی دی شاعری اتے لاگو کر دے آ ں تا ں ساہنوں اوہناں دی فنی تے فکری عظمت دا قائل ہونا پیندا اے کیوں جے اوہناں نے اپنے محبوب دی سراپا نگاری انج کیتی اے کہ پرھن والا نہ صرف محبوب دے حسن و جمال وچ گواچ جاندا اے ۔سگوں اوس نوں ارشادؔ ہواراں دے روپ وچ اپنا محبوب وکھالی...

المفتي: شروطه وآدابه

The duty of issuance Islamic legal verdict is a great job because the Mufti is the successor of the Prophets of Allah. He explains the commands of Allah — permissible and prohibited acts—and stops the disputes among the followers. The focal aspects of this research paper are the questions: What are the required conditions to be a reliable mufti? What are the points of agreement and differences among the four major schools of jurisprudence — Hanafi, Maliki, Shafa’i and Hanbali? The most important area of this paper is the question: What are the protocols and etiquettes of the procedure of issuance of a fatwa, the legal verdict, in our contemporary societies. In the first part of this paper, the analytical evaluation of the arguments presented by prominent jurists of the four major schools of Islamic Jurisprudence. This part suggests some points to reset the preferences because it is the need of time. The second part of the paper opines a number of suggestions to improve the manners, etiquettes and protocols of the procedure on part of a mufti. A mufti, being a representative of the seat of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), is not only responsible to Allah Almighty but also to wellbeing, security, and peace among the members of our society.

Development of Reflective Practice Through In-Service Teacher Education Program: A Case Study of a Participant

The English language is the number one language in the world so far as its influence and number of speakers are concerned. Unfortunately, in Pakistan, the effective teaching of this language has been neglected at levels. As a result, the written & oral comprehension has gone down to the lowest ebb. While the general situation of education is dismal enough, that of learning/teaching of English invites pessimism. Despite its importance and influence teaching of English in Pakistan has not received the serious academic attention it deserves. Learning new ways of teaching is a long term process. Teacher development looks beyond initial training and deals with the on-going professional development of teachers, particularly, through in-service education programs. Some in-service programs go beyond teaching techniques at the classroom level to develop the participants as self-directed learners. One of the most important ways to achieve that is their development as reflective practitioners through critical thinking. Do the teachers who attend such programs become better reflective thinkers and practitioners than others? What methods do they use to inculcate reflective practice in them, if at all? Using interviews and descriptive observation, a case study was made of the reflective practice of an in-service program participant in the contexts of the teacher-education institute and the school. Most of the research was carried out in the in-service context of the teacher (the classroom). Still, some ADELT sessions were also attended to see how praxis was being translated from theory. I explored the successes and failures of in-service teacher education program with regard to the development of reflective practice. This study describes how an in-service teacher education program helps teachers become reflective practitioners. I have made an attempt to investigate what reflective practice means to the teachers and how it helps improve their classroom practice. Teachers are mostly reluctant to implement what they learn from in-service teacher education programs. Their challenges, and constraints have also been discussed. The study concludes that self-directed learning if implemented well, motivates participants to learn on their own and from each other.
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